نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری‌ دانشکده علوم پایه، دانشگاه تبریز

2 دانشیار دانشکده علوم پایه، دانشگاه تبریز

3 دانشیار گروه تولیدات گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه گنبدکاووس

4 استاد دانشکده علوم پایه، دانشگاه تبریز

5 استادیار دانشگاه گنبد‌کاووس

چکیده

خشکی یکی از تنش‌های محیطی است که رشد، نمو و عملکرد برنج را محدود می‌سازد. پیچیدگی روابط بین صفات از مسائلی است که فرآیند اصلاح واریته‌های متحمل به تنش خشکی را مشکل می‌نماید. امروزه از تکنیک‌های گرافیکی جدیدی برای بررسی اثر صفات با در نظر گرفتن اثرات متقابل آن‌ها استفاده می‌شود یکی از این روش‌ها GGE biplot است. این تحقیق برای بررسی تأثیر تنش خشکی بر صفات زراعی و مورفولوژیکی ۲۶۳ ژنوتیپ برنج بر اساس طرح لاتیس در دو شرایط بدون تنش و تنش آبی در طول فصل زراعی سال ۱۳۹۴ انجام شد. داده‌ها با روش آماری تجزیه واریانس و GGE biplot موردبررسی قرار گرفتند. نتایج تجزیه واریانس نشان داد که سه عامل محیط، ژنوتیپ و اثر متقابل محیط × ژنوتیپ در اکثر صفات موردبررسی بسیار معنی‌دار بود. تجزیه GGE biplot نیز نشان داد که در شرایط بدون تنش و تنش خشکی عملکرد دانه رابطه مثبتی با وزن دانه پر، تعداد دانه پر، وزن خوشه اصلی، وزن کل خوشه‌ها، قطر ساقه، تعداد خوشه­چه ثانویه، تعداد خوشه‌چه اولیه، بیوماس، شاخص برداشت و باروری داشت. همبستگی مثبت و معنی‌دار بین اکثر صفات نشان می‌دهد که یکی از این صفات می‌تواند به‌عنوان معیار انتخاب مورداستفاده قرار گیرد. ژنوتیپ‌ HHZ 10-DT5-LI1-LI1 در شرایط بدون تنش با دارا بودن بالاترین میزان عملکرد دانه (146.69 گرم)، دانه پر (224.83)، وزن دانه پر (4.66 گرم) و شاخص برداشت (1.25) برترین ژنوتیپ در این محیط بود و‌ ژنوتیپ HHZ 18-Y3-Y1-Y1 با بالاترین میزان وزن کل خوشه‌ها (46.5 گرم)، وزن خوشه اصلی (3.80 گرم)، تعداد دانه پر (207.5) و وزن دانه پر (3.42 گرم) و عملکرد (71.82 گرم) به‌عنوان ژنوتیپ‌ متحمل شناسایی شد. از این ژنوتیپ‌ها می‌توان در برنامه‌های اصلاحی برای بهبود تحمل به تنش خشکی به‌خصوص در مناطق خشک و نیمه‌خشک استفاده نمود.

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