نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد، گروه اصلاح نباتات و بیوتکنولوژی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه زابل
2 استاد، گروه اصلاح نباتات و بیوتکنولوژی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه زابل
3 استادیار، گروه اصلاح نباتات و بیوتکنولوژی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه زابل
چکیده
به‌منظور بررسی اثر قارچ میکوریزا بر برخی خصوصیات مورفولوژیک، رنگیزه های نورساختی و ویژگی‌های آنتی‌اکسیدانی گیاه کاسنی تحت تنش خشکی آزمایشی به‌صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی با سه تکرار در گلخانه پژوهشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه زابل انجام شد. عوامل آزمایشی شامل تنش خشکی در چهار سطح 90، 70، 50 و 30 درصد ظرفیت زراعی به ترتیب به‌عنوان شاهد، تنش ملایم، تنش متوسط و تنش شدید و تیمار با قارچ میکوریزا در دو سطح تلقیح با قارچ میکوریزا و عدم تلقیح با قارچ میکوریزا بود. در این بررسی وزن تر و خشک اندام هوایی و ریشه، محتوای رنگیزه های فتوسنتزی و آنزیم کاتالاز، پلی فنل اکسیداز و گایاکول پراکسیداز مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفتند. نتایج نشان داد که بیشترین میزان وزن تر وخشک اندام هوایی متعلق به تنش 90 درصد و تلقیح با قارچ میکوریزا بود و بیشترین میزان کلروفیل a، b، کلروفیل کل و کارتنوئید متعلق به تنش 90 درصد و تلقیح با قارچ میکوریزا بود. حداکثر فعالیت آنزیم کاتالاز، پلی فنل اکسیداز و گایاکول پراکسیداز متعلق به تیمار تنش خشکی 30 درصد ظرفیت زراعی و تلقیح با قارچ میکوریزا و کمترین میزان آن در گیاه شاهد بود. از این آزمایش می‌توان نتیجه گرفت قارچ میکوریزا آربوسکولار به دلیل افزایش فعالیت آنزیم‌های آنتی اکسیدانی و افزایش رنگیزه‌های فتوسنتزی خطرات ناشی از تنش خشکی بر رشد و عملکرد گیاه کاسنی را کاهش می‌دهد.
کلیدواژه‌ها
Abedi, T., Pakniyat, H., 2010. Antioxidant enzyme changes in response to drought stress in ten cultivars of oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.). Czech Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding. 46(1), pp.27-34.
Agarwal, S., Pandey, V., 2004. Antioxidant enzyme responses to NaCl stress in Cassia angustifolia. Biologia Plantarum. 48(4), 555-560.
Amiri, A., Parsa, S.R., Nezami, M., Ganjeali, A., 2011. The effects of drought stress at different phenological stages onrowth indices of chickpea (Cicer arietinum g L.) in greenhouse conditions. Iranian Journal of Pulses Research.1, 69-84. [In Persian with English summary]
Asada, K., 1999. The water-water cycle in chloroplasts: scavenging of active oxygens and dissipation of excess photons. Annual review of plant biology. 50(1), 601-639.
Aslani, Z., A. Hasani, M.H. Rasouli Sedgheiani, F. Sefidkan., M. Berom., 2011. Effect of
Arbuscular mycorhiza (Glomus intraradices and Glomus mosseae) on growth,
chlorophyll and phosphorus uptake in basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) under drought stress.
Iranian Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Research.27, 486-471. [In Persian with English summary]
Arbuscular mycorhiza (Glomus intraradices and Glomus mosseae) on growth,
chlorophyll and phosphorus uptake in basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) under drought stress.
Iranian Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Research.27, 486-471. [In Persian with English summary]
Asseng, S., Ritchie, J.T., Smucker, A.J.M., Robertson, M.J., 1998. Root growth and water uptake during water deficit and recovering in wheat. Plant and Soil. 201(2), 265-273.
Augé, R.M., Toler, H.D., Saxton, A.M., 2015. Arbuscular mycorrhiza symbiosis alters stomatal conductance of host plants more under drought than under amply watered conditions: a meta-analysis. Mycorrhiza. 25(1), 13-24.
Azcón, R., Rodríguez, R., Amora‐Lazcano, E., Ambrosano, E., 2008. Uptake and metabolism of nitrate in mycorrhizal plants as affected by water availability and N concentration in soil. European Journal of Soil Science. 59(2), 131-138.
Baher, Z.F., Mirza, M., Ghorbanli, M., BagherRezaii, M., 2002. The influence of water stress on plant height, herbal and essential oil yield and composition in Satureja hortensis L. Flavour and Fragrance Journal. 17(4), 275-277.
Bais H.P., Vepachedu, R., Gilroy, S., Callaway, R.M, Vivanco, J.M., 2001. Allelopathy and exotic plant invasion:from molecules and genes to species interactions. Science. 301, 1377–1380.
Burkert, B., Robson, A. 1994. 65Zn uptake in subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum L.) by three vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in a root-free sandy soil. Soil Biology and Biochemistry. 26, 1117- 1124.
Cook, B.G., Pengelly, B.C., Brown, S.D., Donnelly, J.L., Eagles, D.A., Franco, M.A., Hanson, J., Mullen, B.F., Partridge, I.J., Peters, M., Schultze-Kraft, R., 2005. Tropical forages: an interactive selection tool. Lablab purpureus. CSIRO, DPI&F (Qld), CIAT, and ILRI, Brisbane, Australia. 540-542.
DaCosta, M., Huang, B., 2007. Changes in antioxidant enzyme activities and lipid peroxidation for bent grass species in response to drought stress. Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science. 132(3), 319-326.
Daneshmandi, M.S., Azizi, M.A.J.I.D., 2009. Allelopathic effect of Eucalyptus globulus Labill. on bermuda grass (Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.) germination and rhizome growth. Iranian Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, 25(3), 333-346. . [In Persian with English summary]
Delfine, S., Loreto, F., Pinelli, P., Tognetti, R., Alvino, A., 2005. Isoprenoids content and photosynthetic limitations in rosemary and spearmint plants under water stress. Agriculture, ecosystems & environment. 106(2), 243-252.
Demir, Y., Kocacaliskan, I., 2001. Effects of NaCl and proline on polyphenol oxidase activity in bean seedling. Biologia Plantarum. 44(4), 607-609.
Evelin, H., Kapoor, R., Giri, B.m 2009. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in alleviation of salt stress: A review. Annals of Botany. 104, 1263-1280.
Fazeli, A., Ghorbani, M., Niknam, V., 2007. Effect of drought on biomass, protein content, lipid peroxdation and antioxidant enzymes in two sesame cultivars. Biologia Plantarum. 51 (1), 98-103
Feng, G., Zhang, F.S., Li, X.L., Tian, C.Y., Tang, C., 2002. Improved tolerance of maize plants to salt stress by arbuscular mycorrhiza is related to higher accumulation of soluble sugars in roots. Mycorrhiza. 12, 185–190.
Gianinazzi-Pearson, V., Gianinazzi, S., 1983. The physiology of vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal roots. Plant and Soil. 71, 197-209.
Gregory, P.J., Atwell, B.J., 1991. The fate of carbon in pulse-labelled crops of barley and wheat. Plant and Soil. 136(2), 205-213.
Hassani, A., Omydbygy, R., Heidari Sharief Abad, H., 2003. Effect of different soil moisture levels on growth, yield and metabolite adaptate accumulation in Basil. Journal of Soil and Water Science. 17(2), 67-76. [In Persian with English summary]
Hong, W., Ji-Yan, J., 2007. Effects of zinc deficiency and drought stress on plant growth and metabolism of reactive oxygen species in maize (Zea mays L.). Agricultural Science in China. 6(8), 988-995.
Hu, Y., Schmidhalter, U., 2005. Drought and salinity: a comparison of their effects on mineral nutrition of plants. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science. 168(4), 541-549.
Jimenez, A., Hernandez, J.A., Del Río, L.A., Sevilla, F., 1997. Evidence for the presence of the ascorbate-glutathione cycle in mitochondria and peroxisomes of pea leaves. Plant Physiology. 114(1), 275-284.
Jugran, A.K., Bahukhandi A., Dhyani, P., Bhatt, I.D., Rawal, R.S., Nandi, S.K., Palni, L.M.S., 2015. The effect of inoculation with mycorrhize: AM on growth, composition and antiozxidant activity phenolies, tannins, phenolic in Valeriana jatamansi Jones.Journal of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition. 15(4), 1036-1049.
Kapoor, R., Sharma, D., Bhatnagar, A.K., 2008. Arbuscular mycorrhizae in micropropagation systems and their potential applications. Scientia Horticulturae. 116(3), 227-239.
Khalid, K.A., 2006. Influence of water stress on growth, essential oil, and chemical composition of herbs (Ocimum sp.). International Agrophysiscs. 20(4), 289-296.
Krishna, H., Singh, S.K., Sharma, R.R., Khawale, R.N., Grover, M., Patel, V.B., 2005. Biochemical changes in micropropagated grape (Vitis vinifera L.) plantlets due to arbuscular-mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) inoculation during ex vitro acclimatization. Scientia Horticulturae. 106(4), 554-567.
Lambers, H., Raven, J.A., Shaver, G.R., Smith, S.E., 2008. Plant nutrient-acquisition strategies change with soil age. Trends in Ecology and Evolution. 23(2), 95-103.
Latef, A.A.H.A., Chaoxing, H., 2011. Arbuscular mycorrhizal influence on growth, photosynthetic pigments, osmotic adjustment and oxidative stress in tomato plants subjected to low temperature stress. Acta Physiologiae Plantarum. 33(4), 1217-1225.
Lee, J., Scagel, C.F., 2010. Chicoric acid levels in commercial basil (Ocimum basilicum) and Echinacea purpurea products. Journal of Functional Foods. 2(1), 77-84.
Maiquetia, M., Caceres, A., Herrera, A., 2009. Mycorrhization and phosphorus nutrition affect water relations and CAM induction by drought in seedlings of clusia minor. Annals of Botany. 103(3), 525-532.
Malarz, J., Stojakowska, A., Kisiel, W., 2002. Sesquiterpene lactones in a hairy root culture of Cichorium intybus. Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C. 57(11-12), 994-997.
Misra, A., Srivastava, N.K., 2000. Influence of water stress on Japanese mint. Journal of Herbs, Spices & Medicinal Plants. 7(1), 51-58.
Moraes, R.M., Andrade, Z.D., Bedir, E., Dayan, F.E., Lata, H., Khan, I., Pereira, A.M.S., 2004. Arbuscular mycorrhiza improves acclimatization and increases lignin content of micropropagated mayapple (Podophyllum peltatum L.). Plant Science. 166, 23-29.
Younesi, O., Moradi, A., 2016. Effects of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungus (AMF) on antioxidant enzyme activities in salt-stressed wheat. Agricultural Crop Management. 18(1), 21-30. [In Persian with English summary]
Mulabagal, V., Wang, H., Ngouajio, M., Nair, M.G., 2009. Characterization and quantification of health beneficial anthocyanins in leaf chicory (Cichorium intybus) varieties. European Food Research and Technology. 230(1), 47.
Nandagopal, S., Kumari, B.R., 2007. Phytochemical and antibacterial studies of Chicory (Cichorium intybus L.)-A multipurpose medicinal plant. Advances in Biological Research. 1(1-2), 17-21.
Pessarakli, M., Huber, J.T., Tucker, T.C., 1989. Protein synthesis in green‐beans under salt stress with two nitrogen sources. Journal of Plant Nutrition. 12(11), 1361-1377.
Reddy, A. R., Chaitanya, k. v., Vivekanandan, M. 2004. Drought induced responses of photosynthesis and antioxidant metabolism in higher plants. Journal plant physiol. 161, 1189- 1202.
Rivera- Becerril, F., Calantzis, C., Turnau, K., Caussanel, J. P., Belimoy, A.A., Gianinazzi, S., Strasser, R. J., Gianinazzi- Pearson, V., 2002. Cadmium accumulation and buffering of cadmium- induced stress by arbuscular mycorrhiza in three Pisum sativum L. genotypes. Journal of Experimental Botany. 104, 1263-1280.
Ruiz‐Lozano, J.M., Collados, C., Barea, J.M., Azcón, R., 2001. Cloning of cDNAs encoding SODs from lettuce plants which show differential regulation by arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis and by drought stress. Journal of Experimental Botany. 52(364), 2241-2242.
Safarnejad, A., 2008. Morphological and biochemical response to osmotic stress in alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.). Pakistan Journal of Botany. 40(2), 735-746.
Sajedi, N.A., Ferasat, M., Mirzakhani, M., Boojar, M.M.A., 2012. Impact of water deficit stress on biochemical characteristics of safflower cultivars. Physiology and Molecular Biology of Plants. 18(4), 323-329.
Selvaraj, T., Chellappan, P., 2006. Arbuscular mycorrhizae: a diverse personality. Journal of Central European Agriculture. 7(2), 349-358.
Soleimanzadeh, H., 2010. Effect of VA-Mycorrhiza on growth and yield of Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) at different phosphorus levels. International Journal of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering. 71, 414-417.
Subramanian, K.S., Charest, C., 1999. Acquisition of N by external hyphae of an arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus and its impact on physiological responses in maize under drought-stressed and well-watered conditions. Mycorrhiza. 9(2), 69-75.
Sun, C., Johnson, J.M., Cai, D., Sherameti, I., Oelmüller, R., Lou, B., 2010. Piriformospora indica confers drought tolerance in Chinese cabbage leaves by stimulating antioxidant enzymes, the expression of drought-related genes and the plastid-localized CAS protein. Journal of Plant Physiology. 167(12), 1009-1017.
Tang, M., H. Chen, G.C. Huang., Z.Q. Tian., 2009. Am fungi effects on the growth and
physiology of Zea mays L. seedlings under diesel stress. Soil Biology and Biochemistry.
41,936- 940.
physiology of Zea mays L. seedlings under diesel stress. Soil Biology and Biochemistry.
41,936- 940.
Wu, Q.S., Xia, R.X., 2006. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi influence growth, osmotic adjustment and photosynthesis of citrus under well-watered and water stress conditions. Journal of Plant Physiology. 163(4), 417-425.
Younesi, O., Moradi, A., Namdari, A., 2013. Influence of arbuscular mycorrhiza on osmotic adjustment compounds and antioxidant enzyme activity in nodules of salt-stressed soybean (Glycine max). Acta Agriculturae Slovenica, 101(2), 219.
Zarea, M.J., Hajinia, S., Karimi, N., Goltapeh, E.M., Rejali, F., Varma, A., 2012. Effect of Piriformospora indica and Azospirillum strains from saline or non-saline soil on mitigation of the effects of NaCl. Soil Biology and Biochemistry. 45, 139-146
Zlatev, Z., Lidon, F.C., 2012. An overview on drought induced changes in plant growth, water relations and photosynthesis. Emirates Journal of Food and Agriculture. 24(1), 57-72.
)