نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دکترای فیزیولوژی گیاهان زراعی، گروه زراعت، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران، ایران

2 استادیار گروه زراعت، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران، ایران

3 دانش آموخته باغبانی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران، ایران

4 دانشجوی باغبانی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران، ایران

چکیده

جوانه ­زنی و سبز شدن سریع بذر، یک عامل مهم و تعیین­ کننده در عملکرد نهایی گیاهان است. این تحقیق با هدف بررسی اثر پیری بذر بر ویژگی­ های جوانه ­زنی لوبیا، رقم صدری تحت تأثیر تنش شوری به­ صورت آزمایش فاکتوریل، بر پایه طرح کاملاً تصادفی با چهار تکرار در سال 1395 انجام شد. تیمارهای آزمایشی شامل پیری بذر در چهار سطح شاهد، 24، 48 و 72 ساعت با استفاده از آزمون پیری تسریع شده و تنش شوری در پنج سطح، صفر (آب مقطر)، 2، 4، 6 و 8 دسی ­زیمنس بر متر از منبع سدیم کلراید بود. نتایج این آزمایش نشان داد که کمترین متوسط زمان جوانه­ زنی و بیشترین درصد جوانه­ زنی و وزن خشک ریشه ­چه و ساقه­ چه در تیمار 24 ساعت پیری بذر و تیمار آب مقطر (شاهد) به دست آمد. همچنین بیشترین میزان ضریب آلومتریک، بنیه بذر و فعالیت آنزیم­های آلفا و بتا آمیلاز نیز در تیمار 24 ساعت پیری و تیمار شاهد شوری مشاهده گردید. به‌طورکلی، در طی فرآیند پیری تسریع شده با گذشت زمان کیفیت، بنیه و قدرت بذر و به دنبال آن ظرفیت و سرعت جوانه ­زنی برای زنده ماندن بذر کاهش یافت. به‌طورکلی، افزایش دوره پیری و افزایش سطوح تنش شوری از طریق تجمع انواع گونه های اکسیژن فعال در سلول و آسیب رساندن به لیپیدهای غشا، پروتئین­ها و اسیدهای نوکلئیک بر جوانه­ زنی و شاخص­های مرتبط با آن و فعالیت آنزیم­های جوانه­ زنی در بذر گیاه لوبیا، تأثیر منفی گذاشته و درنهایت موجب افت شاخص‌های جوانه‌زنی گردید.

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