نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد گروه علوم باغبانی، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه اردکان
2 استادیار گروه علوم باغبانی دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه اردکان، دانشگاه اردکان
3 استاد گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه صنعتی اصفهان
چکیده
شوری یکی از تنشهای مهم محیطی محدودکننده رشد گیاهان است و کاربرد مواد آلی و قارچهای میکوریزا آربوسکولار سبب کاهش اثرات سوء آن می‌شود. هدف از این مطالعه، بررسی اثر سطوح مختلف شوری و اصلاح‌کننده‌های بیولوژیکی و آلی بر برخی ویژگیهای رشدی در گل مغربی (Oenothera biennis L.) بود. آزمایش به‌صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی با شش سطح از مواد اصلاحی شامل شاهد (بدون مواد اصلاحکننده)، 1.5 و 3 گرم قارچ میکوریزا در هر کیلوگرم خاک، 16 و 32 میلیگرم اسید هیومیک در یک لیتر آب آبیاری و 25 درصد حجمی گلدان بقایای گیاهی روناس در سه سطح شوری خاک (4، 7 و 12 dSm-1) با سه تکرار اجرا شد. نتایج نشان داد که با افزایش شوری، شاخص‌های رشدی و غلظت عناصر غذایی به‌طور معنی‌داری کاهش یافت. در هدایت الکتریکی dSm-1 4 بیشترین ارتفاع گیاه، طول ریشه و غلظت فسفر در تیمار g/kg 3 قارچ میکوریزا به دست آمد که به ترتیب نسبت به شاهد 16.72، 48.76 و 61.11 درصد بیشتر بود. در هدایت الکتریکی dSm-1 7 بیشترین میزان کلروفیل، ارتفاع گیاه، وزن خشک شاخساره و نسبت وزن خشک به تر در تیمار g/kg 1.5 قارچ میکوریزا به دست آمد که به ترتیب نسبت به شاهد 7.34، 18.19، 29.21 و 29.16 درصد بیشتر بودند. همچنین بقایای گیاهی روناس غلظت سدیم را در سطح شوری 7 دسی زیمنس بر متر، 42.79 درصد نسبت به شاهد کاهش داد. در هدایت الکتریکی dSm-1 12 بیشترین میزان کلروفیل، وزن خشک شاخساره، تعداد برگ فعال و سریعترین زمان گلدهی در تیمار بقایای گیاه روناس به دست آمد که به ترتیب نسبت به شاهد 16.12، 58.96، 51.14 و 100 درصد بیشتر بودند. رشد زایشی گیاهان در شوری dSm-1 12 (شاهد) متوقف شد اما استفاده از کودهای آلی و بیولوژیک موجب گلدهی آن‌ها شد. به‌طورکلی همه تیمارهای کود آلی و بیولوژیکی در تمام سطوح شوری موجب بهبود رشد و عملکرد گیاه شدند.
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