نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسنده
دانشیار گروه زراعت، واحد یادگار امام خمینی (ره) شهر ری، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران ، ایران
چکیده
به‌منظور بررسی مقایسه‌ای اثر پیش‌تیمار بذر لوبیا چیتی با پرولین و گلایسین بتائین در تحمل به تنش سرب آزمایشی گلدانی در بهار و تابستان سال 1394 انجام شد. این تحقیق به صورت طرح کاملاً تصادفی با شش تیمار و چهار تکرار اجرا گردید. تیمارها عبارت بودند از: شاهد، تنش سرب (500 میلی‌گرم بر کیلوگرم خاک نیترات سرب)، تنش سرب + پیش‌تیمار بذر با محلول 25 میلی-مولار پرولین، تنش سرب + پیش‌تیمار بذر با محلول 50 میلی‌مولار پرولین، تنش سرب + پیش‌تیمار بذر با محلول 25 میلی‌مولار گلایسین بتائین و تنش سرب + پیش‌تیمار بذر با محلول 50 میلی‌مولار گلایسین بتائین. نتایج نشان داد که تنش سرب موجب افزایش غلظت سرب ریشه و خسارت اکسیداتیو به بوته‌های لوبیا گردید. سمیت سرب همچنین موجب کاهش شاخص سبزینگی، محتوی نسبی آب، ارتفاع بوته، سطح برگ و زیست توده ریشه و اندام هوایی شد. با این وجود، در شرایط تنش سرب، پیش‌تیمار بذر با پرولین یا گلایسین بتائین موجب کاهش جذب سرب، افزایش فعالیت آنزیم‌های آنتی اکسیدانت و کاهش خسارت اکسیداتیو گردید که باعث بهبود شاخص سبزینگی، محتوی نسبی آب، ارتفاع بوته، سطح برگ و زیست توده ریشه و اندام هوایی شد. بین تیمارهای مختلف کاربرد پرولین و گلایسین بتائین اختلاف معنی‌داری مشاهده نشد. براساس یافته‌های این پژوهش، پیش‌تیمار بذر با پرولین یا گلایسین بتائین می‌تواند از طریق کاهش جذب سرب، افزایش فعالیت آنزیم‌های آنتی اکسیدانت و بهبود شاخص سبزینگی و وضعیت آبی گیاه، به عنوان روشی مفید در بهبود تحمل به تنش سرب در لوبیا مورد استفاده قرار گیرد.
کلیدواژه‌ها
Aebi, H., 1984. Catalase in vitro. Methods in Enzymology. 105, 121-126.
Aggarwal, M., Sharma, S., Kaur, N., Pathania, D., Bhandhari, K., Kaushal, N., Kaur, R., Singh, K., Srivastava, A., Nayyar, H., 2011. Exogenous proline application reduces phytotoxic effects of selenium by minimizing oxidative stress and improves growth in bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) seedlings. Biological Trace Element Research. 140, 354-367.
Ashraf, M., Foolad, M.R., 2007. Roles of glycine betaine and proline in improving plant abiotic stress resistance. Environmental and Experimental Botany. 59, 206-216.
Ashraf, U., Hussain, S., Anjum, S.A., Abbas, F., Tanveer, M., Noor, M.A., Tang, X., 2017a. Alterations in growth, oxidative damage, and metal uptake of five aromatic rice cultivars under lead toxicity.Plant Physiology and Biochemistry. 115, 461-471.
Ashraf, U., Kanu, A.S., Deng, Q., Mo, Z., Pan, S., Tian, H., Tang, X., 2017b. Lead (Pb) toxicity; physio-biochemical mechanisms, grain yield, quality, and pb distribution proportions in scented rice. Frontiers in Plant Science. 8, 259.
Beyer, W.F., Fridovich, I., 1987. Assaying for superoxide dismutase activity: some large consequences of minor changes in conditions. Analytical Biochemistry. 161(2), 559-566.
Bharwana, S.A., Ali, S., Farooq, M.A., Iqbal, N., Hameed, A., Abbas, F., Ahmad, M.S.A., 2014. Glycine betaine-induced lead toxicity tolerance related to elevated photosynthesis, antioxidant enzymes suppressed lead uptake and oxidative stress in cotton. Turkish Journal of Botany. 38, 281-292.
Chen, Z., Yang, B., Hao, Z., Zhu, J., Zhang, Y. Xu, T., 2017. Exogenous hydrogen sulfide ameliorates seed germination and seedling growth of cauliflower under lead stress and its antioxidant role. Journal of Plant Growth Regulation. Online published. DOI: 10.1007/s00344-017-9704-8
Dawood, M.G., 2016. Influence of osmoregulators on plant tolerance to water stress. Scientia Agriculturae. 13(1), 42-58.
Duman, F., Aksoy, A., Aydin, Z. Temizgul, R., 2011. Effects of exogenous glycine betaine and trehalose on cadmium accumulation and biological responses of an aquatic plant (Lemna gibba L.). Water, Air, and Soil Pollution. 217, 545-556.
Hasanuzzaman, M., Alam, M., Rahman, A., Hasanuzzaman, M., Nahar, K., Fujita, M., 2014. Exogenous proline and glycine betaine mediated upregulation of antioxidant defense and glyoxalase systems provides better protection against salt-induced oxidative stress in two rice (Oryza sativa L.) varieties. Biomed Research International. Volume 2014, Article ID 757219, 17 pages.
Hayat, S., Hayat, Q., Alyemeni, M.N., Ahmad, A., 2013. Proline enhances antioxidative enzyme activity, photosynthesis and yield of Cicer arietinum L. exposed to cadmium stress. Acta Botanica Croatica. 72(2), 323-335.
Heath, R.L., Packer, L., 1968. Photoperoxidation in isolated chloroplasts. I. Kinetics and stoichiometry of fatty acid peroxidation. Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics. 125(1), 189-198.
Hussain, I., Siddique, A., Ashraf, M.A., Rasheed, R., Ibrahim, M., Iqbal, M., Akbar, S., Imran, M., 2017. Does exogenous application of ascorbic acid modulate growth, photosynthetic pigments and oxidative defense in okra (Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench) under lead stress? Acta Physiologiae Plantarum. 39, 144.
Islam, M.M., Hoque, A., Okuma, E., Banu, N.A., Shimoishi, Y., Nakamura, Y., Murata, Y., 2009. Exogenous proline and glycine betaine increase antioxidant enzyme activities and confer tolerance to cadmium stress in cultured tobacco cells. Plant Physiology. 166, 1587-1597.
Jabeen, N., Abbas, Z., Iqbal, M., Rizwan, M., Jabbar, A., Farid, M., Ali, S., Ibrahim, M., Abbas, F., 2016. Glycine betaine mediates chromium tolerance in mung bean through lowering of Cr uptake and improved antioxidant system. Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science. 62, 648-662.
Khan, I., Iqbal, M., Ashraf, M.Y., Ashraf, M.A., Ali, S., 2016 a. Organic chelats-mediated enhanced lead (Pb) uptake and accumulation is associated with higher activity of enzymatic antioxidants in spinach (Spinacea oleracea L.). Journal of Hazardous Materials. 317, 352-361.
Khan, M., Daud, M.K., Basharat, A., Khan, M.J., Azizullah, A., Muhammad, N., Muhammad, N., Rehman, Z., Zhu, S.J., 2016 b. Alleviation of lead-induced physiological, metabolic, and ultramorphological changes in leaves of upland cotton through glutathione. Environmental Science and Pollution Research. 23, 8431-8440.
Liu, D., Li, T., Jin, X., Yang, X., Islam, E., Mahmood, Q., 2008. Lead induced changes in the growth and antioxidant metabolism of the lead accumulating and non-accumulating ecotypes of Sedum alfredii. Journal of Integrative Plant Biology. 50(2), 129-140.
Mahdavian, K., Ghaderian, S.M., Schat, H., 2016. Pb accumulation, Pb tolerance, antioxidants, thiols, and organic acids in metallicolous and non-metallicolous Peganum harmala L. under Pb exposure. Environmental and Experimental Botany. 126, 21-31.
Nakano, Y., Asada, K., 1981. Hydrogen peroxide is scavenged by ascorbate specific peroxidase in spinach chloroplasts. Plant and Cell Physiology. 22(5), 867-880.
Nawaz, K., Ashraf, M., 2007. Improvement in salt tolerance of maize by exogenous application of glycine betaine: growth and water relations. Pakistan Journal of Botany. 39(5), 1647-1653.
Osman, H.S., 2015. Enhancing antioxidant-yield relationship of pea plant under drought at different growth stages by exogenously applied glycine betaine and proline. Annals of Agricultural Sciences. 60(2), 389-402.
Pourrut, B., Shahid, M., Dumat, C., Winterton, P., Pinelli, E., 2011. Lead uptake, toxicity, and detoxification in plants. Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology. 213, 113-136.
Rasheed, R., Ashraf, M.A., Hussain, I., Haider, M.Z., Kanwal, U., Iqbal, M., 2014. Exogenous proline and glycine betaine mitigate cadmium stress in two genetically different spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars. Brazilian Journal of Botany. 37, 399-406.
Sadeghipour, O., 2016. Pretreatment with nitric oxide reduces lead toxicity in cowpea (Vigna unguiculata [l.] Walp.). Archives of Biological Sciences. 68(1), 165-175.
Sidhu, G.P.S., Singh, H.P., Batish, D.R., Kohli, R.K., 2016. Effect of lead on oxidative status, antioxidative response and metal accumulation in Coronopus didymus. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry. 105, 290-296.
Sidhu, G.P.S., Singh, H.P., Batish, D.R., Kohli, R.K., 2017. Alterations in photosynthetic pigments, protein, and carbohydrate metabolism in a wild plant Coronopus didymus L. (Brassicaceae) under lead stress. Acta Physiologiae Plantarum. 39,176.
Singh, R., Tripathi, R.D., Dwivedi, S., Kumar, A., Trivedi, P.K., Chakrabarty, D., 2010. Lead bioaccumulation potential of an aquatic macrophyte Najas indica are related to antioxidant system. Bioresource Technology. 101, 3025-3032.
Tang, C., Song, J., Hu, X., Hu, X., Zhao, Y., Li, B., Ou, D., Peng, L., 2017. Exogenous spermidine enhanced Pb tolerance in Salix matsudana by promoting Pb accumulation in roots and spermidine, nitric oxide, andantioxidant system levels in leaves. Ecological Engineering. 107, 41-48.
Verma, S., Dubey, R.S., 2003. Lead toxicity induces lipid peroxidation and alters the activities of antioxidant enzymes in growing rice plants. Plant Science.164, 645-655.
Zafari, S., Sharifi, M., Ahmadian Chashmi, N., Mur, L.A.J., 2016. Modulation of Pb-induced stress in Prosopis shoots through an interconnected network of signaling molecules, phenolic compounds and amino acids. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry. 99, 11-20.
Zhang, L.L., Zhu, X.M., Kuang, Y.W., 2017. Responses of Pinus massoniana seedlings to lead stress. Biologia Plantarum. 61(4), 785-790.
Zhou, J., Jiang, Z., Ma, J., Yang, L., Wei, Y., 2017. The effects of lead stress on photosynthetic function and chloroplast ultrastructure of Robinia pseudoacacia seedlings. Environmental Science and Pollution Research. 24(11), 10718-10726.
)