نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسنده
گروه کشاورزی، واحد فراهان، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، فراهان، ایران.
چکیده
کمبود آب از مهم‌ترین عوامل محدودکننده تولید محصولات کشاورزی در مناطق خشک و نیمه‌خشک دنیا ازجمله ایران است. جهت بررسی شاخص‌های حساسیت به تنش ارقام ذرت تحت شرایط تنش آبی و کاربرد اسید سالیسیلات، آزمایشی در سال زراعی 1390 به‌صورت کرت‌های دو بار خردشده در قالب طرح پایه بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار اجرا شد. تنش رطوبتی به‌عنوان عامل اصلی در سه سطح شامل آبیاری بر اساس نیاز آبی گیاه (شاهد)، آبیاری به میزان 80 درصد نیاز آبی گیاه، آبیاری به میزان 60 درصد نیاز آبی گیاه در کرت‌های اصلی و ارقام مختلف ذرت به‌عنوان عامل فرعی در سه سطح (S.C 370, Apex, S.C 704) در کرت‌های فرعی و تیمار محلول‌پاشی اسید سالیسیلیک به‌عنوان عامل فرعی فرعی در دو سطح، عدم مصرف و مصرف 300 میلی‌گرم بر کیلوگرم در هکتار در کرت‌های فرعی فرعی قرار گرفتند. صفاتی مانند ارتفاع ساقه، طول پانیکول، تعداد بلال در مترمربع، ارتفاع بلال از سطح زمین، بیوماس علوفه، شاخص حساسیت به تنش (SSI)، شاخص تحمل (TOL)، میانگین بهره‌وری (MP)، میانگین هندسی بهره‌وری (GMP)، شاخص تحمل به تنش (STI)، شاخص عملکرد (YI) و شاخص پایداری عملکرد (YSI) مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفتند. نتایج نشان داد که اثر سطوح مختلف تنش رطوبتی بر صفاتی مانند تعداد بلال در مترمربع و بیوماس علوفه معنی‌دار بود. صفات ارتفاع ساقه، طول پانیکول، ارتفاع بلال از سطح زمین و بیوماس علوفه نیز تحت تأثیر ارقام مختلف ذرت قرار گرفتند. رقم S.C 704 ازنظر شاخص‌های حساسیت به تنش (0.85)، میانگین بهره‌وری (42.65)، میانگین هندسی بهره‌وری (42.46)، شاخص عملکرد (1.20) و شاخص پایداری عملکرد (0.82) نسبت به سایر ارقام از برتری محسوسی برخوردار بود.
کلیدواژه‌ها
Ahmadzadeh, A., 1997. Determining the best indicator of drought resistance in selected maize lines. M. Sc. Thesis in Plant Breeding. Tehran University. 238p. [In Persian with English Summary].
Alizadeh, A., Kamali, GH., 2007. Crops Water Requirement in Iran. Astan Ghodse Razavi Publisher. 227P. [In Persian with English Summary].
Bayat, H., Mardani, H., Arouie, H., Salahvarzi, Y., 2011. Effects of salicylic acid on morphological and physiological characteristics of cucumber seedling (Cucumis sativus cv. Super Dominus) under drought stress. Journal of Plant Production. 18(3), 63-76. [In Persian with English Summary].
Bayat, S., Sepehri, A., Zare Abyaneh, H., Abdollahi, M.R., 2010. Efeect of salicylic acid and pacheloboutrazol on some of growth indices and corn yield under drought stress. Journal of Crop Ecophysiology. 2(1), 34-40. [In Persian with English Summary].
Bouslama, M., Schapaugh, W.T., 1984. Stress tolerance in soybean. Part 1: evaluation of three screening techniques for heat and drought tolerance. Crop Science. 24, 933-937.
Brar, G., Kar, S., Singh, N.T. 1990. Photosynthetic response of wheat to soil water deficits in tropic. Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science. 164, 343-348.
Daneshmand, F., Arvin, M.J., Keramat, B., Momeni, N. 2012. Interactive effects of salt stress and salicylic acid on germination and plant growth parameters of maize (Zea mays L.) under field conditions. Journal of Plant Function and Processing, 1(1), 56-70. [In Persian with English Summary].
El-Tayeb, M.A., 2005. Response of barley grain to the interactive effect of salinity and salicylic acid. Plant Growth Regulation. 45, 215-225.
Farahbakhsh, H., Shamsaddin, Saiid, M., 2011. Effects of foliar application of salicylic acid on vegetative growth of maize under saline conditions. African Journal of Plant Science. 5(10), 575-578.
Farooq, M., Basra, S.M.A., Wahid, A., Ahmad, N., Saleem, B.A., 2009. Improving the drought tolerance in rice (Oryza sativa L.) by exogenous application of salicylic acid. J. Agron. Crop Science. 195, 237-246.
Fernandez, G.C.J., 1992. Effective selection criteria for assessing plant stress tolerance. Proceeding of the International Symposium on Adaptation of Vegetables and other Food Crops in Temperature and Water Stress. Publication, Tainan, Taiwan. PP: 257-270.
Fischer, R.A., Maurer, R., 1978. Drought resistance in spring wheat cultivars. I. Grain yield response. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research. 29, 897-912.
Gavuzzi, P., Rizza, F., Palumbo, M., Campaline, R.G., Ricciardi, G.L., Borghi, B., 1997. Evaluation of field and laboratory predictors of drought and heat tolerance in winter cereals. Canadian Journal of Plant Science. 77, 523-531.
Gunes, A., Inal, A., Alpaslan, M., Eraslan, F., Bagci, E.G., Cicek. N., 2007. Salicylic acid induced changes on some physiological parameters symptomatic for oxidative stress and mineral nutrition in maize (Zea mays L.) grown under salinity. Journal of Plant Physiology.
Haji Babaei, M., Azizi, F. 2011. Evaluation of stress tolerance indices in some new maize hybrids. Electronic Journal of Crop Production. 4(3), 139-155.
He, Y., Liu, Y., Cao, W., Huai, M., Xu, B., Huang, B., 2005. Effects of Salicylic Acid on Heat Tolerance Associated with Antioxidant Metabolism in Kentucky Bluegrass. Crop Science. 45, 988-995.
Hussein, M.M., Balbaa, L.K., Gaballah, M.S., 2007. Salicylic Acid and Salinity Effects on Growth of Maize Plants. Research Journal of Agriculture and Biological Sciences. 3(4), 321-328.
Khalil Zadeh, GH.R., Karbalai Khiyav, H., 2002. Effects of drought and heat stress on advanced lines of durum wheat. 7th Congress of Agronomy and Plant Breeding of Iran. Agricultural Education Publishing. PP: 564-563. [In Persian with English Summary].
Khan, W., Prithiviraj, B., Smith, D.L., 2003. Photosynthetic response of corn and soybean to foliar application of salicylates. Journal of Plant Physiology. 160, 485-492.
Levent Tuna, A., Kaya, C., Diklitas, M., Yokas, I., Burun, B., Altulu, H., 2007. Comparative effects of various salicylic acid derivatives on key growth parameters and some enzyme activities in salinity stressed maize plants. Pakistan Journal of Botany. 39(3), 787-798.
Maddah, S.M., Fallahian, F.A., Sabbaghpour, S.H., and Chalabian, F., 2006. Efeect of salicylic acid on yield, components yield and anathomy structure of cicer. Journal of Sciences, Islamic Azad University, 62(1), 61-70. [In Persian with English Summary].
Mahrokh, A., Azizi, F., Sadeghi, A., Karimi, A., 2011. Effect of Application of Streptomyces Bacterium on Grain Yield and Its Components of Maize cv. KSC 260 under Drought Stress Conditions. Seed and Plant Production Journal. 27(2), 165-181. [In Persian with English Summary].
Mehrabian Moghaddam, N., Arvin, M.J., Khajouee Nejad, Gh.R., Maghsoudi, K., 2011. Effect of Salicylic Acid on Growth and Forage and Grain Yield of Maize under Drought Stress in Field Conditions. Seed and Plant Production Journal, 27-2(1): 41-55. [In Persian with English Summary].
Naderi Darbagshahi, M.R., Noormohamadi, GH., Majidi, A., Darvish, F. Shirani Rad, A. H., Madani, H., 2004. Effect of drought stress and plant density on the characteristics in line planting safflower in Isfahan. Seed and Plant production Journal. 20, 296-281. [In Persian with English Summary].
Nemeth, M., Janda, T., Hovarth, E., Paldi, E. and Szali, G., 2002. Exogenous salicylic acid increases polyamine content but may decrease drought tolerance in maize. Plant Science. 162,569-574.
Nesmith, D.S., Ritchie, J.T., 1992. Short and long-term responses of corn to a pre- anthesis soil water deficit. Agronomy Journal. 84, 107-113.
Rabbani, J., Emam, Y., 2011. Yield Response of Maize Hybrids to Drought Stress at Different Growth Stages. Journal of Crop Production and Processing. 1(2), 65-78. [In Persian with English Summary].
Rosielle, A.A., Hamblin, J., 1981. Theoretical aspect of selectionfor yield in stress and non - stress environment. Crop Science. 21, 943-946.
Sadegh-Zadeh Ahari, D., 2006. Evaluation of drought tolerance in durum wheat genotypes promising. Crop Science. 8(1), 44-30.
Sajedi, N.A., Skandari, H., Tahmasebi, R., 2012. Effects of Selenium and Salicylic Acid on Agronomic Characteristics of the Dry land Wheat Cultivars. Journal of Agronomy Sciences. 3(7), 53-65. [In Persian with English Summary].
Samia, M., El-Khallal, A., Hathout, A., Ahsour, A. Abd-Almalik, A., 2009. Brassinolide and salicylic acid induced antioxidant enzymes, hormonal balance and protein profile of Maize plants grown under salt stress. Research Journal of Agricultural and Biology Sciences. 5, 391-402.
Senaranta, T., Teuchell, D., Bumm, E., Dixon, K., 2002. Acetyl salicylic acid (asprin) and salicylic acid induce multiple stress tolerance in bean and tomato plants. Plant Growth Regulation. 30, 157-161.
Shi, Q., Zhu, Z., 2008. Effects of exogenous salicylic acid on manganese toxicity, element contents and antioxidative system in cucumber. Environment Experimental Botany. 63, 317-326.
Shirinzadeh, A., Zarghami, R., Shiri, M.R., 2008. Evaluation of drought tolerance in late and medium maize hybrids using stress tolerance indices. Iranian Journal of Crop Sciences. 10 (4), 416-427. [In Persian with English Summary].
Shoaa, SH., Miri, H.R., 2012. Reducing detrimantal effects of salt stress on morphophysiological characteristics of wheat by application of salicylic acid. Eletronocal Journal of Crop Production. 5(1), 71-88.
Singh, B., Usha, K., 2003. Salicylic acid induced physiological and biochemical changes in wheat seedlings under water stress. Plant Growth Regulation. 39, 137 141.
Sio-Se Mardeh, A., Ahmadi, A., Poustini, K., Mohamadi, V., 2006. Evaluation of drought resistance indices under various environmental conditions. Field Crop Research. 98, 222- 229.
Wang, L.J., Li, S.H., 2006. Salicylic acid induced heat or cold tolerance in relation to Ca2 homeostasis and antioxidant systems in young grape plants. Plant Science. 170, 685-694.
Zarei, M., Masood Sinaki, J., Rahbari, A. Abaspour, H., 2012. Effects of planting date and salicylic acid on physiological traits of forage maize hybrids. Iranian Journal of Plant Physiology. 3(2), 687-693.
)