نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار دانشگاه زابل، دانشکده کشاورزی، گروه اصلاح نباتات و بیوتکنولوژی

2 دانش‌آموخته کارشناسی ارشد بیوتکنولوژی دانشگاه زابل، دانشکده کشاورزی، گروه اصلاح نباتات و بیوتکنولوژی

3 استاد دانشگاه زابل، دانشکده کشاورزی، گروه اصلاح نباتات و بیوتکنولوژی

4 مربی دانشگاه زابل، دانشکده کشاورزی، گروه اصلاح نباتات و بیوتکنولوژی

چکیده

به ­منظور بررسی اثر نانو کلات آهن، سنتز شیمیایی و سنتز سبز نانو ذرات نقره بر فعالیت آنزیمی، پروتئین کل و درصد پارتنولید گیاه بابونه کبیر تحت تنش خشکی آزمایشی به­صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی در سه تکرار در گلخانه دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه زابل اجرا شد. تیمارها شامل فاکتور اول یعنی تنش کم‌آبی در دو سطح (عدم تنش و تنش ملایم یعنی پنجاه‌درصد ظرفیت زراعی) و فاکتور دوم شامل محلول‌پاشی نانو ذرات در سه سطح نانو کلات آهن با نسبت دو در هزار میلی‌لیتر، نانو ذرات نقره سنتز شیمیایی و سنتز   سبز با غلظت 30 پی ­پی ­ام و یک سطح محلول‌پاشی با آب مقطر به ­عنوان شاهد بود. جهت بررسی فعالیت آنزیم­های کاتالاز، پلی فنول اکسیداز، پراکسیداز، گایاکول پراکسیداز و پروتئین کل بعد از اعمال آخرین محلول‌پاشی، نمونه‌برداری از برگ­های کاملا جوان و گسترده انجام و موردسنجش قرار گرفت. برای اندازه ­گیری درصد پارتنولید عصاره گیاه از دستگاه کروماتوگرافی مایع با کارایی بالا (HPLC)استفاده شد. نتایج نشان داد که تغذیه برگی نانو ذرات و تنش کم‌آبی منجر به افزایش فعالیت آنزیم‌های اکسیدانی، پروتئین کل و درصد پارتنولید در مقایسه با تیمار شاهد گردید.می­توان اظهار داشت محلول ­پاشی نانو نقره سنتز شیمیایی تحت تنش کم‌آبی باعث افزایش آنزیم­های اکسیدانی کاتالاز و پراکسیداز (به ترتیب 3.4266 و 0.28730 واحد در گرم وزن تر در دقیقه) و نانو کلات آهن در شرایط تنش کم‌آبی باعث افزایش آنزیم گایاکول پراکسیداز و آنزیم پلی فنل اکسیداز (به ترتیب 0.5452 و 1.2373 واحد در گرم وزن تر در دقیقه) شده است. همچنین میزان پروتئین کل با محلول­ پاشی نانو نقره سنتز شیمیایی و نانو کلات آهن بدون اعمال تنش کم‌آبی و عملکرد اقتصادی گیاه بابونه کبیر (مقدار پارتنولید) با محلول‌پاشی نانو نقره سبز تحت تنش کم‌آبی افزایش یافته است. به‌طورکلی می­توان بیان کرد که گیاه دارویی بابونه کبیر با دارا بودن سیستم آنزیمی قدرتمند و تولید آنزیم‌های اکسیداتیو در سطوح بالا، می­تواند رادیکال­های آزاد را از بین برده و شرایط ادامه حیات را در شرایط تنش رطوبتی فراهم ­کند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

Abdi, H., 2015. Effect of silica and silver nanoparticles and biological agent’s includs: Trichoderma viride and Trichoderma harzianum in cucumber resistance to Fusarium oxysporumf .sp. radicis-cucumerinum pathogen. MSc dissertation, Faculty of Plant Pathology, University of Zabol, Iran. [In Persian with English Summary].
Achary, V.M.M., Jena, S., Panda, K.K., Panda, B.B., 2008. Aluminium induced oxidative stress and DNA damage in root cells of Allium cepa L. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety. 70, 300–310.
Aladjadjiyan, A., 2007. The use physical method for plant growing stimulation in bulgari. Journal of Central European Agriculture. 8, 369-380.
Alvareza, A., Sierra, M.A., Lucena, J.J., 2002. Reactivity of synthetic Fe chelates with soils and soil components. Plant and Soil. 241, 129-137.
Amini, Z., Hadad, R., Moradi, F., 2008. Effects of water stress on the activities of antioxidant enzymes in the reproductive growh stages of barley (Hordeum vulgare). Journal of Sciences and Technology of Agriculture and Natural Resources. 12(46), 65-74. [In Persian with English Summary].
Ashraf, M., Harris, P.J.C., 2004. Potential biochemical indicators of salinity tolerance in plants. Plant Science.166, 3–16.
Askari M, Amirjani M, Saberi T., 2014. Evaluation of the effects of iron nanofertilizer on leaf growth, antioxidants and carbohydrate contents of catharanthusroseus. Journal of Plant Process and Function. 3(7), 43-56. [In Persian with English Summary].
Baghai, N., Keshavarz, N., Amini Dehaghai, M., Nazaran, M.H., 2012. Effect of Nano iron chelate fertilizer on yield and yield components of Cumin (Cuminum cyminum) under different irrigation intervals. National Congress on Medicinal Plants, Kish Island, Iran. [In Persian with English Summary].
Beers, G.R., Sizer, I.V., 1952. Aspectrophotometric method for measuring the breakdown of hydrogen peroxide by catalase. Biological Chemistry. 195,133-140.
Blumenthal, M., 1998. The Complete German Commission E Monographs: Therapeutic Guide to Herbal Medicines. Tansy Flower and Herb. Unapproved Herbs, American Botanical Council/Integrative Medicine Communications, Austin, TX/Boston, MA: 379-380.
Bradford, M.M., 1976. A rapid and sensitive method for the quantification of microgram quantities of protein utilising the principal of protein - dye binding, Analytical Biochemistry. 72, 248-254.
Cakmak, T., Atici, O., Agar, G., Sunar, S., 2010. Natural aging-related biochemical change in alfalfa (Medicago sativa) seeds stored for 42 years. International Research Journal of Plant Science. 1(1), 1-6.
Dat, J., Vandenabeele, S., Vranová, E., Van Montagu, M., Inzé, D., Van Breusegem, F., 2000. Dual action of active oxygen species during plant stress responses. Cellular and Molecular Life Science. 57,779-795.
Dastmalchi, K., Damien Dorman, H., Koşar, M., Hiltunen, R., 2007. Chemical composition and in vitro antioxidant evaluation of a water-soluble Moldavian balm (Dracocephalum moldavica L.) extract. Food Science and Technology. 40(2), 239-48.
Der marderosian, A., 2001. A Guid to Popular Natural Products. Facts and Comparisons A Wolters Kluwer Company, 90-92pp.
Ekhtiari, R., Mohebi, H. R., Mansouri, M., 2011. Investigating the effects of nanosilver particles on salinity tolerance of fennel (Foeniculumvulgare Mill.) In early growth at laboratory conditions. Journal of Plant and Ecosystem. 7(27), 55-62. [In Persian with English Summary].
Fathi, A. R., Zahedi, M., Torabian, sh., 2012. Effect of iron and zinc nanoparticles on the activity of some antioxidant enzymes of wheat under salinity stress. The First National Conference on Sustainable Development, Tehran. [In Persian with English Summary].
Feizi, H., Moghaddam, P.R., Shahtahmassebi, N., Fotovat, A., 2012. Impact of bulk andnanosized titanium dioxide (TiO2) on wheat seed germination and seedling growth. Biological trace element research. 146(1), 101-106.
Ghorbanli. M., Kiapour. A., 2012. Induced changes on pigments and activity of non-enzimatic and enzymatic defence systems in Portulaca oleracea L. Iranian Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants. 28(2), 235-247. [In Persian with English Summary].
Jiang, Y., Huang, B., 2001. Drought and heat stress injury to two cool-season turf grasses in relation to antioxidant metabolism and lipid peroxidation. Crop Science. 41(2), 436-442.
Kar, M., Mishra, D., 1976. Catalase, Peroxidase and polyphenolxidase activities during rice leaf senescence. Plant Phsiology. 57, 315-319.
Kamalizadeh, M., Bihamta, M., Peyghambari, S.A., Hadian, J., 2013. Expression of genes involved in rosmarinic acid biosynthesis pathway in dragonhead affected by nanoparticles. Genetics in the 3rd Millennium, 12(1), 3428-3436. [In Persian with English Summary].
Krishnaraj, C., Jagan, E., Ramachandran, R., Abirami, S., Mohan, N., Kalaichelvan, P., 2012. Effect of biologically synthesized silver nanoparticles on Bacopa monnieri (Linn.) Wettst. plant growth metabolism. Process Biochemistry. 47(4), 651-658.
Letchamo, W., R. Marquard, J. Holzal and Gosselin, A., 1994. Effects of water supply and light intensity on growth and essential oil of two Thymus vulgaris selections. Angewandete Botanic 68: 83-88.
Leon, J., 1988 Methods of simultaneous estimation of yield and yield stability. pp. 299-308. In: Biometrics in Plant Breeding. Proceedings of the Sixth Meeting of Eucarpia Section, Birmingham. U. K.
Ma, X., Geiser-Lee, J., Deng, Y., Kolmakov, A., 2010. Interactions between engineered nanoparticles (ENPs) and plants: phytotoxicity, uptake and accumulation. Science of the Total Environment. 408(16), 3053-3061.
Mac Adam, J.W., Nelson, C.J., Sharp, R.E., 1992. Peroxidase activity in the leaf elongation zone of tall fescue. Plant Physiology. 99, 294-878.
Marschner, H., 1995. Mineral Nutrition of Higher Plants. 2nd Academic Press. Ltd. London.
Mayer, A.M., 2006. Polyphenol oxidases in plants and fungi. Phytochemistry. 67, 2318- 2331.
Mohammadi, M., Kazemi, H., 2002. Changes in peroxidase and polyphenol oxidaseactivites in susceptible and resistant wheat heads inoculated with fusariumgraminearum and induced resistance. Plant Science. 162, 491- 498. [In Persian with English Summary].
Mohamadipoor, R., Sedaghathoor, S., Mahboub-Khomami, A., 2013. Effect of application of iron fertilizers in two methods 'foliar and soil application' on growth characteristics of Spathyphyllum illusion. European Journal of Experimental Biology, 3: 232-240.
Naderi, M.R., DaneshShahreki, A.R., 2017. Application of nanotechnology to optimize the formation of chemical fertilizers. Nanotechnology Monthly. 4(165), 20-22. [In Persian with English Summary].
Nair, A., Abrahama, T.K., Jaya, D.S., 2008. Studieson the changes in lipid peroxidation andantioxidants in drought stress induced cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.) varieties. Journal of Environmental Biology. 29, 689- 691.
Nakano, Y., Asada, K., 1981. Hydrogen peroxide is scavenged by ascarbate specific peroxidases in spinach chloroplasts. Plant Cell Physiology. 22, 867-880.
Ozkur, O., Ozdemir, F., Bor, M., Turkan, I., 2009. Physiochemical and antioxidant responses of theperennial xerophyte Capparis ovata Desf. Todrought. Environmental and Experimental Botany. 66, 487–492.
Peyvandi M, Mirza M, KamaliJamakani Z., 2011. The Effect of Nano Fe Chelate and Fe Chelate on the Growth and Activity of some Antioxidant enzymes in Satureja hortensis. New Cellular and Molecular Biotechnology Journal. 2(5), 25-32. [In Persian with English Summary].
Rahimizadeh, M., Madani, H., Habibi, D. 2007. Effect of micro nutrient iron, zinc, copper, manganese and boron in persistance drought stress sunflower. 10th Soil Science Congress of Iran. [In Persian with English Summary].
Ranjan, R., Bohra, S.P., Jeet, A.M., Book of Plant Senescence. Jodhpur. Agro bios New York. pp. 18-42.
Sakr, M., Arafa, A., 2009. Effect of some antioxidants on canola plants growth under soil salt stress condition. Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences. 12(7), 582-588.
Salama, H.M.H., 2012. Effects of silver nanoparticles in some crop plants, common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) and corn (Zea mays L.). International Research Journal of Biotechnology. 3(10), 190–197.
Salehi Shanjani, P., 2005. Izozyme diversity of Menadion reductase, isocitrate dehydrogenase and malatedehydrogenase of Fagus orientalis Lipsky in beech forests of Iran. Iranian Journal of Biology. 17, 402-420. [In Persian with English Summary].
Sharma, P., Bhatt, D., Zaidi, M.G., Saradhi, P.P., Khanna, P.K., Arora, S., 2012. Silver nanoparticlemediated enhancement in growth and antioxidant status of Brassica juncea. Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology. 167, 2225–2233.
Sharma, P., Dubey, R.S., 2005. Drought induces oxidative stress and enhances the activities of antioxidant enzymes in growing rice seedlings. Plant Growth Regulation. 46, 209-221.
Sinha, S., Saxena, R., 2006. Effect of iron on lipid peroxidation, and enzymatic and non-enzymaticantioxidant and bacoside –A content in medicinal plant Bacopa monnieri L. Chemosphere. 62(8), 134-135.
Sofo, A., Scopa, A., Nuzzaci, M., Vitti, A., 2015. Ascorbate peroxidase and catalase activities and their genetic regulation in plants subjected to drought and salinity stresses. International Journal of Molecular Science. 16, 13561-13578.
Sudhakar, C., Lakshmi, A., Giridarakumar, S., 2001. Changes in the antioxidant enzyme efficacy in two high yielding genotypes of mulberry (Morus alba L.) under NaCl salinity. Plant Science. 141, 613-619.
Taleh Ahmad, S., Hadad, R., 2010. Effect of silicon on the activity of antioxidant enzymes and content of osmotic regulation in two genotypes of bread wheat under drought stress conditions. Seed and Plant Production Journal. 26(2), 207-225. [In Persian with English Summary].
Tuna, A., Kaya, C., Dikilitas, M., Higgas, D., 2008. The combined effects of gibberellin acid and salinity on some antioxidant enzyme activities, plant growth parameters and nutritional status in maize plants. Environmental and Experimental Botany. 62, 1-9.
Van Loon, L.C., Rep, M., Pieterse, C.M.J., 2006. Significance of inducible defense-related proteins in infected plants. The Annual Review of Phytopathology. 44, 135-162.
Yang, H., Sun, CH., Zhang, Q., Zou, J., Liu, G. Smith, S.C., 2008. Anatase TiO2 single crystals with a large percentage of reactive facets. Nature. 453, 638-641.