نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد، گروه زراعت، دانشگاه شهرکرد

2 استاد گروه زراعت، دانشگاه شهرکرد

3 گروه شیمی و مهندسی شیمی، واحد دورود، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، دورود، ایران

چکیده

اگرچه کشت زودهنگام محصولات بهاره برای استفاده از شرایط معتدل بهاری و همچنین رشد رویشی مناسب اهمیت زیادی دارد ولی وجود دماهای پایین در ابتدای دوره رشد ممکن است رشد گیاه را با تنش سرما مواجه نماید. این آزمایش به‌صورت فاکتوریل شامل شش غلظت متیل جاسمونات (صفر، 1، 5، 50، 100 و 150 میکرومولار) و سه سطح دما (8، 11 و 14 درجه سانتی­گراد) در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی در شرایط کنترل‌شده در دانشگاه شهرکرد در سال 1395 اجرا شد. در روز یازدهم صفات مورفولوژیکی و بیوشیمیایی اندازه‎گیری شد. نتایج نشان داد که بیشترین طول ریشه‎چه در غلظت 50 میکرومولار متیل جاسمونات و دمای 11 درجه سانتی­گراد با 55.6 درصد افزایش نسبت به شاهد حاصل شد. در دمای 8، 11 و 14 درجه سانتی‌گراد بذرهایی که با متیل جاسمونات تیمار نشده بودند فاقد ساقه‎چه بودند. در دمای هشت درجه سانتی­گراد، غلظت پنج میکرو مولار بیشترین طول ریشه ­چه، طول ساقه­ چه و وزن خشک ساقه­ چه را داشت. در بین تیمارهای متیل جاسمونات، بیشترین میزان فعالیت آنزیم‎های گایاکول پراکسیداز و کاتالاز نیز در غلظت پنج میکرومولار مشاهده شد. در دمای 11 درجه سانتی­گراد، غلظت پنج میکرومولار به علت افزایش طول ساقه­ چه، وزن خشک ریشه­ چه، میزان فعالیت آنزیم کاتالاز نسبت به سایر غلظت‎ها برتری داشت و ازلحاظ طول ریشه ­چه و فعالیت آنزیم سوپر اکسید دیسموتاز در رتبه دوم قرار گرفت. در دمای 14 درجه سانتی­گراد، غلظت 50 میکرومولار دارای بیشترین وزن خشک ریشه­ چه، وزن خشک ساقه­ چه و میزان فعالیت آنزیم­ های سوپراکسیددیسموتاز، گایاکول پراکسیداز و کاتالاز بود. در دمای 14 درجه سانتی­گراد، بیشترین میزان طول ساقه ­چه و شاخص بنیه بذر در پنج میکرومولار مشاهده شد و از این لحاظ غلظت 50 میکرومولار در رتبه دوم قرار گرفت. به‌طورکلی نتیجه‎گیری می‎شود که کاربرد متیل جاسمونات باعث افزایش فعالیت آنزیم‎های آنتی‌اکسیدان و درنتیجه تحمل گیاهچه کدوی پوست‌کاغذی به تنش دمای پایین می­شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

Abdul, W., Mubaraka, P., Gelani, S., Basrab, S., 2007. Pretreatment of seed with H2o2 improves salt tolerance of wheat seedlings by alleviation of oxidative damage and expression of stress proteins. Journal of Plant Physiology 164, 283-294.
Abei, H., 1984. Catalase Invitro. Methods in Enzymology. 105, 121-126.
Akram Ghaderi, A., Kamkar, B., Soltani, A., 2008. Science and Technology of Seeds (Translation). Mashhad University Press. [In Persian].
Ananieva, K., Malbeck, J., Kamínek, M., van Staden, J., 2004. Methyl jasmonate downregulates endogenous cytokinin levels in cotyledons of Cucurbita pepo (zucchini) seedlings. Journal of Plant Physiology 122, 496-503.
Bideshki, A.M., Arvin, M.J., 2010. Effect of salicylic acid (SA) and drought stress on growth, bulb yield and allicin content of Garlic (Allium sativum) in field. Plant Ecophysiology. 2(2), 73-81. [In Persian with English Summary].
Bradford, M., 1976. Arapid and sensitive method for thequantitation of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding. Annual Review Biochemistry. 72, 248-254.
Caili, F., Huan, S., Quanhong, L., 2006. A review on pharmacological activities and utilization technologies of pumpkin. Plant Foods for Human Nutrition. 61, 73-80.
Creelman, R.A., Mullet, J.E., 1995. Jasmonic acid distribution and action in plants: regulation during development and response to biotic and abiotic Stress. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA. 92, 4114-4119.
Davey, M.W., Stals, E., Panis, B. Keulemans, J., Swennen, R.I., 2005. High Throughput of Malondialdehyde in Plant. Analytical Biochemistry. 347, 201-207.
Djanaguiraman, M., Devi, D.D., Shanker, A.K., Sheeba, J.A., Bangarusamy, U., 2005. Selenium—an antioxidative protectant in soybean during senescence. Plant and Soil. 272, 77–86.
Erdal, S., Dumlupinar, R., 2011. Mammalian sex hormones stimulate antioxidant system and enhance growth of chickpea plants, Acta Physiologiae Plantarum. 33, 1011-1017.
Gao, Y., Guo, Y.K., Lin, S.H., Fang, Y.Y., Bai, J.G., 2010. Hydrogen peroxide pretreatment alters the activity of antioxidant enzymes and protects chloroplast ultrastructure in heat-stressed cucumber leaves. Scientia Horticulturae. 126, 20–26.
Ghanati, F., Rahmati, I.M., 2006. Improvement of antioxidant system and decrease of lignin by nickel treatmentin tea plant. Journal of Plant Nutrition. 29, 1649-1661.
Giannopolitis, C.N., and Ries, S.K., 1977. Superoxide dismutase. I. Occurrence in higher plants. Plant Physiology. 59, 309- 314. 
Govahi, M., Arvin, M.J., Saffari, G., 2007. Incorporation of plant growth regulators into the priming solution improves sugar beet germination, emergence and seedling growth at low-temperature. Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences. 10, 3390-3394.
Goyal, M., Asthir, B., 2010. Polyamine catabolism influences antioxidative defense mechanism in shoots and roots of five wheat genotypes under high temperature stress. Plant Growth Regulation. 60, 13-25
Groppa, M.D., Benavides, M.P., 2008. Polyamines and abiotic stress: recent advances. Amino Acids. 34, 35–45.
Heath, R.L., Packer, L., 1968. Photopeoxidation in isolated chloroplasts. Archives of Briochemistry and Biophysics. 125, 189-198.
Jung, S., 2004. Effect of chlorophyll reduction in Arabidopsis thaliana by methyl jasmonate or norflurazon on antioxidant systems. Journal of Plant physiology and Biochemistry. 42, 231- 255.
Karta, K.K., Bekele, A., 2012. Influence of seed priming on seed germination and vigor traits of Vicia villosa sp. dasycarpa (Ten.). African Journal of Agricultural Research. 7, 3202-3208.
Kaya, C., Kirnak, H., Higgs, D., Saltli, K., 2002. Supplementary calcium enhances plant growth and fruit yield in strawberry cultivars grown at hight (NaCl) salinity. Scientia Horticultrea. 93,: 65-74.
Kazemi, M., Ma'ali Amiri, R., Sadequzadeh, B., Ramezanpour, S.S., 2014. Biochemical physiological changes induced by cold stress in two genotypes of chickpea. Journal of Genetics in the 3rd Millennium. 4, 3777- 3770. [In Persian with English Summary].
Khanpur Ardestani, N., Sharifi, M., Behmanesh, B., 2013. The effect of methyl jasmonate on the activity of antioxidant enzymes, phenolic compounds and flavonoids in the culture of Scrophularia straita Boiss cells. Journal of Plant Research. 27(5),835-840. [In Persian with English Summary].
Korkmaz, A., Tiryaki, I., Nas, M.N., 2005. Combining priming and plant growth regulators improves muskmelon germination and emergence at low temperatures. European Journal of Horticultural Science. 70, 29-34.
Kumari, G.J., Reddy, A.M., Naik, S.T., Kumar, S.G., Prasanthi, J., Sriranganayakulu, G., Reddy, P.C., Sudhakar, C., 2006. Jasmonic acid induced changes in protein pattern, antioxidative enzyme activities and peroxidase isozymes in peanut seedlings. Biologia Plantarum. 50, 219-226.
Lee, S. S., Kim, J. H., Hong, S. B., Yun, S. H., Park, E. H., 1998. Priming effect of rice seeds on seedling establishment under adverse soil conditions. Korean Journal of Crop Science. 43, 194-198.
Li., D.M., Guo, Y.K., Li, Q., Zhang, J., Wang, X.J., Bai, J.G., 2012. The pretreatment of cucumber with methyl jasmonate regulates antioxidant enzyme activities and protects chloroplast and mitochondrial ultrastructure in chilling-stressed leaves. Scientia Horticulturae. 143, 135-143.
Ma$gorzata, M. P., Baillyb, C., Szafran´skaa, K., Janasa, K. M., Corbineaub, F-O., 2004. Antioxidant enzymes and isoflavonoids in chilled soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) seedlings. Journal of Plant Physiology. 162, 403-412.
Mac Adam J.W., Nelson C.J., Sharp R.E., 1992. Peroxidase activity in the leaf elongation zone of tallfescue. Plant Physiology. 99, 872-878.
Maksymiec, W., 2011. Effects of jasmonate and some other signalling factors on bean and onion growth during the initial phase of cadmium action. Biologia Plantarum. 55(1), 112-118.
Martin-Tanguy, J., 2000. Metabolism and function of polyamines in plants: recent development (new approaches). Plant Growth Regulation .34,135-148.
Mirmohammadi Meybodi, S.A.M., Torkesh Esfahani, S., 2004. Physiological and Improvement Aspects of Cold and Freezing Stress in Crops. Gulben Press. [In Persian].
Mittle, R., 2002. Oxidative stress, antioxidants and stress tolerance. Trends in Plant Science. 7(9), 405-410.
Norastehni, A., Sajedi, R.H., Nojavan-Asghari, M., 2007. Inhibiyory effects of methyl jasmonats on seed germination in maize (Zea mays): Effect on α-amilase activity and ethylen poduction. Plant Physiology. 33, 13-23.
Omidbeigi, R., 2006. Production and Processing of Medicinal Plants. Astan Quds Razavi Press. [In Persian].
Parvaiz, A., Prasad, M.N.V., 2012. Abiotic Stress Responses in Plants, Metabolism, Productivity and Sustainability. Springer Science+Business Media, LLC.
Patade, V.Y., Maya, K., Zakwan, A., 2011. Seed priming mediated germination improvement and tolerance to subsequent exposure to cold and salt stress in capsicum. Research Journal of Seed Science. 4(3),125-136.
Pinhero, R.G., Rao, M.V., Paliyath, G., Murr, D.P., Fletcher, R.A., 1997. Changes in activities of antioxidant enzymes and their relationship to genetic and paclobutrazol-induced chilling tolerance of maize seedlings. Plant Physiology. 114, 695-704.
Posmyk, M.M., Bailly, C., Szafrańska, K., Janas, K.M., Corbineau, F., 2005. Antioxidant enzymes and isoflavonoids in chilled soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) seedlings. Journal of Plant Physiology. 162, 403- 412.
Pushpalatha, H. G. Sudisha, J., Geetha, N. P., Amruthesh, K.N., Shekar Shetty, H., 2011. Thiamine seed treatment enhances LOX expression, promotes growth and induces downy mildew disease resistance in Pearl Millet. Biologia Plantarum. 55(3), 522-527.
Verma, S., Dubey, R. S., 2003. Lead toxicity induces lipid peroxidation and alters the activities of antioxidant enzymes in growing rice plants. Plant Science. 164, 645-655.
Vyas, D., Kumar, S., 2005. Purification and partial characterization of a low temperature responsive Mn-SOD from tea (Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze). Biochemical and Biophysical and Research. Communication 329, 831-838.
Wang, C.Y., Buta, J.G., 1994. Methyl jasmonate reduces chilling injury in Cucurbita pepo through its regulation of abscisic acid and polyamine levels. Environmental and Experimental Botany. 34, 427-432.
Xu, P.L., Guo, Y.K., Bai, J.G., Shang, L., Wang, X.J., 2008. Effects of long-term chilling on ultrastructure and antioxidant activity in leaves of two cucumber cultivars under low light. Physioligia Plantarum. 132, 467-478.
Ya-jing, G., Jin, H., Xian-ju, W., Chen-xia, S., 2009. Seed priming with chitosan improves maize germination and seedling growth in relation to physiological changes under low temperature stress. Journal of Zhejiang University Science B. 10(6), 427-433.
Zhanga, X., Shenga, J., Li, F., Menga, D., Shena, L., 2012. Methyl jasmonate alters arginine catabolism and improves postharvest chilling tolerance in cherry tomato fruit. Postharvest Biology and Technology. 64, 160-167.