نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانش‌آموخته کارشناسی ارشد، دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه شیراز.

2 هیئت‌علمی بخش زراعت و اصلاح نباتات دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه شیراز.

چکیده

به‌منظور مقایسه صفات مورفوفیزیولوژیک هشت ژنوتیپ خارجی و دو رقم ایرانی جو در شرایط آبیاری مطلوب و تنش خشکی و تعیین ارتباط این صفات با عملکرد دانه، آزمایشی در قالب طرح بلوک­های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در سال زراعی 93-1392 در دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه شیراز اجرا شد. نتایج تجزیه واریانس نشان داد که در هر دو شرایط مطلوب و تنش خشکی بین ژنوتیپ­ها ازنظر طول سنبله، ارتفاع، وزن هزار دانه، تعداد دانه در سنبله، تعداد سنبله در مترمربع، عملکرد دانه، عملکرد بیولوژیک و شاخص برداشت تفاوت معنی­داری وجود دارد. بیشترین میانگین عملکرد دانه در شرایط مطلوب مربوط به ژنوتیپ­های 79، 95، 120 و رقم یوسف (با میانگین 935.3 گرم در مترمربع) و در شرایط تنش مربوط به ژنوتیپ­های 95 و 120 (با میانگین 834.27گرم در مترمربع) بود. در شرایط آبیاری مطلوب، عملکرد بیولوژیک (0.94)، تعداد سنبله(0.51) و تعداد دانه (0.51) و در شرایط تنش عملکرد بیولوژیک (0.96)، وزن هزار دانه (0.65) و تعداد­ دانه در سنبله (0.63) بیشترین همبستگی مثبت و معنی­دار را با عملکرد دانه داشتند.بر اساس مدل رگرسیونی، مهم‌ترین صفات مؤثر بر عملکرد دانه در شرایط آبیاری مطلوب شامل طول سنبله، عملکرد بیولوژیک و شاخص برداشت به ترتیب با ضرایب تبیین 0.998، 0.920 و 0.995 و در شرایط تنش شامل عملکرد بیولوژیک و شاخص برداشت به ترتیب با ضرایب تبیین 0.935 و 0.995 بودند.درمجموع ژنوتیپ­های 95 و 120 به ترتیب با میانگین عملکرد­ دانه 8809.7 و 8925 کیلوگرم در هکتار به­ عنوان ژنوتیپ­های برتر در هر دو شرایط مطلوب و تنش خشکی شناخته شدند.

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