نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 کارشناسی ارشد اصلاح نباتات گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه گیلان، رشت. ایران.
2 استادیار اصلاح نباتات گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه گیلان، رشت. ایران.
3 دانشیار اصلاح نباتات گروه تولیدات گیاهی دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه گنبد کاووس، ایران
چکیده
مقدمه
یکی از مهمترین متغیرهای مؤثر در استقرار مناسب گیاهچه برنج در محیطهای تحت تنش، قدرت جوانهزنی بالا میباشد. در این راستا پژوهشی با هدف بررسی تنوع بین ژنوتیپهای برنجهای هوازی و ایرانی از نظر تحمل به تنش اسمزی، انجام شد.
مواد و روشها
آزمون استاندارد جوانهزنی بذور در سه سطح از تنش اسمزی در (آب مقطر به عنوان شاهد، 8- و 16- بار حاصل از مانیتول) بر روی 52 ژنوتیپ برنج به صورت اسپلیت پلات در قالب بلوکهای کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار اجرا شد. ژنوتیپ های مورد استفاده شامل 31 ژنوتیپ از برنج های هوازی و خارجی و 21 رقم از برنجهای ایرانی بودند.
یافته ها
نتایج حاصل نشان داد اختلاف معنی داری بین سطوح اسمزی، ژنوتیپها و اثر متقابل بین سطوح اسمزی و ژنوتیپها از نظر کلیه صفات مختلف جوانهزنی وجود دارد. با در نظر گرفتن کلیه شرایط، بالاترین رتبه در مقایسه میانگین کلی به روش آروناچالام، به ژنوتیپهای هوازی AE8، AE6، AE18، AE16 و AE29 و همچنین کمترین رتبه به ارقام ایرانی قصرالدشتی، رشتی سرد، عنبربو، علی کاظمی، چمپا بودار، هاشمی و دمسیاه اختصاص یافت.
نتیجه گیری
بر اساس نتایج، ارقام خارجی و ژنوتیپهای هوازی برتری نسبی بیشتری را نسبت به ارقام ایرانی از لحاظ خصوصیات و شاخصهای مختلف جوانه زنی نشان دادند و با افزایش سطح تنش اسمزی ژنوتیپهای هوازی تحمل بیشتری را نشان دادند.
کلیدواژه‌ها
Abdul-Baki, A.A., Anderson, J.D., 1973. Vigour deterioration in soybean seeds by multiple criteria.Crop Science. 13, 630-633.
Ahmadi, M.R.,1995. When and how to harvest canola (Brassica napus L.). Promotions Media Planning Bureau of the Ministry of Agriculture. [In Persian]
Akhondi, M.A., Safarnejad A., Lahouti, M., 2004. Investigation of morphological indexes and genotypesselection of resistance alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) in osmosic stress (PEG). Pajouhesh and Sazandegi.62, 50-57. [In Persian with English Summary].
Ashraf, C.M., Shakara, S.A., 1978. Wheat seed germination under low temperature and moisture stress. Agronomy Journal. 65, 135-139.
Arunachalam, V., Bandyopadhyay, A., 1984. A method to make decisions jointly on a number of dependent characters. Indian Journal of Genetic. 44, 419-424.
Azad, F., Tobeh, A.,1986. Efficiency associated with the emergence of wheat dry matter production and some other characteristics, laboratory and greenhouse cultivation. Proceedings of 6th Iranian Congress of Crop Production and Plant Breeding, September 3-6. Babolsar, University of Mazandaran. Iran. Page 233. [In Persian].
Baalbaki, R.Z., Zurayk, R.A., Blelk, M.M., Tahouk, S.N., 1999. Germination and seedling development ofdrought tolerant and susceptible wheat under moisture stress. Seed Science and Technology. 27, 291-302.
Blum, A., Sinmena, B., Ziv, O., 1980. An evaluation of seed and seedling drought tolerance screening tests in wheat. Euphytica. 29, 727-736.
Bouman, B.M.A., Toung, T. P., 2001. Field water management to save water and increase its productivity in irrigated lowland rice. Agriculture Water Management. 49, 11-30.
Bouman, B.A.M., Xiaoguang, Y., Huaqi, W., Zhiming, W., Junfang, Z., Changgui, W., Bin, C., 2002. Aerobic Rice (Han Dao): A new way of growing rice in water short areas. Proceedings of the 12th ISCO Conference, May 26-31, Beijing, China.
Bradford, K.J., Nonogaki, H., 2007. Seed Development, Dormancy and Germination. Oxford, Blackwell.
Burris, J.S., Wahab A.H., Edje, O.T., 1971. Effect of seed size on seedling performance in soybean. I: Seedling growth and respiration in the dark. Crop Science. 11, 492-496.
Bucaud, J., Unger, I.A., 1976. Hormonal control of germination under saline conditions of three halophyte taxa in genus Suaeda. Physiologia Plantarum. 36, 197-200.
Camberato, J., Mccarty, B., 1999. Irrigation water quality: part I. Salinity. South Carolina Turfgrass Foundation New. 6(2), 6-8.
Collard, B.C.Y., Jahufer, M.Z.Z., Brouwer, J.B., Pang, E.C.K., 2005. An introduction to marker, Quantitative Trait Loci (QTL) mapping and marker –assisted selected selection for crop improvement, the basic concepts. Euphytica. 142, 169-196.
Copland, L.D., Mc Donald, M.B., 1995. Seed Science and Technology. Chapman and Hall, New York.
Dashti, M., Shirdel, M., ZarifKetabi, H., 2007. Effects of water stress and salinity on germination and seedling growth characteristics of Althaea officinalis. Abstracts of third Conference of Medicinal Plants. Shahed university. Iran, pp 387. [In Persian].
Davies, P.J., 1995. Plant Hormones. Kluwer Academic Pub. The Netherlands: 230p.
De, R., Kar, R.K., 1995. Seed germination and seeding growth of mungbean (vigna radiate) under water stress induced by PEG 6000. Seed Science and Technology. 21, 301-308.
Dodd, G.L., Donovan, L.A., 1999. Water potential and ionic effects on germination and seeding growth of two cold desert shrubs. American Journal of Botany. 86, 1146- 1153.
Emam, E., 1999. Careal Production. Shiraz University Press. 190p.
Ghoulam, C., Fares, K., 2001. Effect of salinity on seed germination and early seedling growth of sugar beet (Beta vulgaris). Seed Science and Technology. 29, 357-364.
Gill, P.K., Shama, A.D., Singh, P., Singh Bhullar, S., 2002. Osmotic stress-induced changes in germination, growth and soluble sugar content of Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) seeds. Bulgarian Journal of Plant Physiology. 28, 12-25.
Goldsteion, D.B., 2000. Schlotterer, Micrsatellites, Evolution and Application, Oxford University Press.
Govahi, M., Safari, M., Safari, Gh., Shajy, A., 2005. Evolution of drought and salinity on seed germination of Cuminum cyminum, Abstracts of the Ninth Congress of Agronomy and Plant Breeding. Iran. pp 597.
Hare, P.D., Cress W.A., VanStaden, J., 1997. The involvement of cytokinins in plant responses to environmental stress. Plant Growth Regulation. 23, 79-103.
Harris, D., Tripathi, R.S., Joshi, A., 2000. On-farm seed priming to improve crop establishment and yield in direct-seeded rice, in IRRI: International Workshop on Dry-seeded rice technology, held in Bangkok. 25-28 January 2000. International Rice Research Institute. Manila, Philippines.164p.
Hoseni, F., Gharineh, M.H., Bakhshandeh, E.A., Fathy, GH. A., Shirin, M., 2000. Effects on seed germination and seedling growth parameters (Brassica napus L.) in vitro on five varieties of rapeseed. Proceedings of the First National Conference of Seed Technology. Gorgan University. [In Persian].
Hunter, E.A., Glasbey, C.A., Naylor, R.E.L., 1984. The analyses of data from germination test. Journal of Agricultural Science Cambridge. 102, 207-213.
Irannezhad, K.H. and Shahbazian, N. 1996. Resistance of plants to environmental stresses. Carno Press. [In Persian].
Kafi, M., Nezami, A., Hosaini, H., Masomi, A., 2005. Physiological effects of drought stress by polyethylene glycol on germination of lentil (Lens culinaris L.) genotypes. Iranian Journal of Field Crop Research. 3(1): 69-80. [In Persian with English Summary].
Kakhaki, A., Kafi, M., 1995. Effect of moisture regeim in early season on yield and quality of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L. Varamin cultivar). Iranian Journal of Field Crops Research. 1: 31-40. [In Persian with English Summary].
Karan, S., Afria B., Singh, K., 1985. Seed germination and seedling growth of chick pea (Cicer arietium) under water stress. Seed Research. 13, 1-9.
Karimi, H., 1983. Crops. Tehran University. Third Edition.
Kermode, R., 1990. Regulatory mechanism involved in the transition from seed development to germination. Critical Reviews in Plant Sciences. 9, 155-188.
Khan, A.A., 1980. The Physiology and Biochemistry of Dormancy and Germination. North Holland. Publishing Company, Oxford.
Khavazeh, M., 1998. Effect of salinity on germination, growth, and Cl, Na content of four arid and desertspecies. Msc Thesis, Isfahan University of Technology. [In Persian].
Kim, K.S., Yoo, Y.K., Lee, G.Y., 1994. Comparative salt tolerance study in Korean lawngrasses. Comparsion with western turfgrasses via in vitro salt tolerance test. Journal of the Korean Society for Horticaltvral Science. 32: 1, 117-133.
Kiani, M.R., Bagheri, A., Nezami, A., 1990. The reaction of lentil (Lens culinaris L.) genotypes to water stress at the germination stage of PEG 6000. Journal of Agricultural Science. (1), 45-55.
Latifi, N., Soltani, A., Aspaner, D., 1996. The effect of temperature on germination Canola genotypes. Iranian Journal of Agriculture Science. 35, 313-321. [In Persian with English Summary].
Lee, T.M., 2000. Phosphate starvation induction of acid Phosphatase in Ulva lactuca L. Botanical Bulletin of Academia Sinica. 39, 29-32.
Lutts, S., Kinetand, J.M., Buoharmont, J., 1995. Changes in plant respons to NaCl during development of rice (Oryza sativa L.) varieties differing in salinity resistance. Journal of Exprimental Botany. 46, 1843-1852.
Miura, K., Lin, S.Y., Yano, M., Negamine, T., 2002. Mapping quantitative trait loci controlling seed longeviety in rice (Oryza sativa L.). Thearetical and Applied in Genetic. 104, 981-986.
Morgan, P.W., 1990. Effects of abiotic stresses on plant hormone systems. In: Alscher, R.G and Cumming, J.R. (eds.). Stress responses in plants: Adaptation and acclimation mechanisms. New York: Wiely-Liss.
Peterson, M.L., Jones, D. B., Rutger, J.N., 1978. Cool temperature screening of rice lines for seedling vigor. Riso. 27, 269-274.
Ranjan, R., Purohit S.S., Prasad, V., 2003. Plant Hormones: Action and Application. Agrobios (India). 243p.
Roumani, A., Ehteshami, S.M.R., 2013. Effect of different levels of salinity stress on germination Indices and seedling growth of fenugreek (Trigonella Foenum L.).2nd National Congress on Medicinal Plants. May 15-16, 2013, Tehran, Iran. [In Persian].
Sadat Asilan, K., Modares Sanavi, S.A.M., AghaAlikhani M., Heydari Sharifabad, H., Mirhossein Dehabadi, S.R.2001. The Effect of water deficit stress on germination traits of ten perennial alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) Ecotypes. Iranian Journal of Field Crops Science. 40 (30), 95-102.
Salehifar, M., 2002. Comparison of the effects of drought stress on germination seedling growth of 8 bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) genotypes. Eleventh Congress of Crop Sciences. Shahid Beheshti University. [In Persian].
Soltani, A., Maddah, V., 2010. Simple, Applied Programs for Education and Research in Agronomy. Niak Press. 80p.
Stavir, K., Gupta, A.K., Kaure, N., 1998. Gibbrellic Acid and kinetin partially reverse the effect of water stress on germination and seedling growth in chick pea. Plant Growth Regulation. 25, 29-33.
Vial, L.K., 2007. Aerobic and Alternate-wet-and-dry (AWD) Rice Systems. Nuffield Australia publishing. Griffith NSW 2680. Australia.
Willenborg, C.J., Wildeman, J.C., Miller, A.K., Rossnagel, B.G., Shirtliffe, S.J., 2005. Oat germination characteristics differ among genotypes, seed size and osmotic potentials. Crop Science. 45, 2023-2029.
Xiong, L., Schumaker, K.S., Zhu, J.K., 2002. Cell signaling during cold, drought, and salt stress. The Plant Cell. 14, 165–183.
Zhang, Z.H., Yu, S.B., Yu, T., Huang, Z., Zhu, Y.G., 2005. Mapping quantitative trait loci (QTL) for seedling vigor in rice using recombinant inbrad lines of rice (Oryza sativa L.). Field Crops Research. 91, 161-170.
)