نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد اصلاح نباتات، گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه زنجان

2 دانشیار گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه زنجان

چکیده

با افزایش جمعیت دنیا و نیاز به تأمین غذا، افزایش عملکرد گیاهان زراعی اهمیت زیادی پیدا کرده است. یکی از مهم‌ترین اقدامات برای نیل به این هدف، شناسایی عوامل مؤثر بر افزایش عملکرد است. تحقیق حاضر به‌منظور تعیین مؤثرترین صفات بر عملکرد دانه و اجزای آن در گندم نان تحت شرایط دیم انجام گرفت. آزمایش در مزرعه تحقیقاتی دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه زنجان در قالب طرح لاتیس مربع با دو تکرار در سال زراعی 92-1391 اجرا گردید. صفات مورد ارزیابی عبارت از عملکرد دانه، تعداد سنبله در بوته، تعداد دانه در سنبله، وزن هزار دانه، محتوای نسبی آب برگ، سرعت از دست دادن آب از برگ‌های بریده، دمای کانوپی، اختلاف دمای کانوپی با محیط، قطر ساقه و تعداد دستجات آوند چوبی بودند. تعداد سنبله در بوته و تعداد دانه در سنبله همبستگی مثبت و معنیداری با عملکرد دانه نشان دادند. از سوی دیگر، صفات محتوای نسبی آب برگ و قطر ساقه با تعداد دانه در سنبله همبستگی مثبت و معنیداری داشتند. نتایج تجزیه همبستگی نشان داد که گزینش لاین‌های با تعداد سنبله بارور بیشتر که تعداد دانه در سنبله آن‌ها کم نباشد، می‌تواند به‌عنوان رهیافت گزینش غیرمستقیم برای اصلاح عملکرد دانه در گندم تحت شرایط دیم توصیه ‌شود. گزینش برای تعداد دانه در سنبله بیشتر در تعداد سنبله محدود با در نظر گرفتن عدم کاهش وزن هزار دانه به‌عنوان رهیافت دوم قابل توصیه است. گزینش برای قطر ساقه بیشتر نیز می‌تواند با افزایش تعداد دانه در سنبله منجر به بهبود غیرمستقیم عملکرد دانه گردد.

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