نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 دانش‌آموخته کارشناسی ارشد آبیاری و زهکشی، گروه علوم و مهندسی آب، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه اردکان، اردکان
2 استادیار، گروه علوم و مهندسی آب، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه اردکان، اردکان
3 دانشیار، گروه زراعت و باغبانی، مرکز ملی تحقیقات شوری، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، یزد
چکیده
خشکی و شوری از مهم‌ترین چالش های کشاورزی در مناطق خشک و نیمه‌خشک هستند. هدف از پژوهش حاضر، بررسی شاخص سطح برگ، برخی صفات فیزیولوژیکی و بهره وری مصرف آب کنجد رقم اولتان در شرایط تنشهای هم‌زمان خشکی و شوری بود. برای این منظور آزمایشی در مزرعه تحقیقاتی دانشگاه اردکان در سال زراعی 1398-1399 به صورت آزمایش فاکتوریل در قالب طرح بلوکهای کامل تصادفی و با سه تکرار انجام شد. تیمارهای آزمایش شامل سه سطح آبیاری با دورهای 4، 8 و 12 روز و چهار سطح شوری آب شامل 1.5، 4، 7 و 10 دسی زیمنس بر متر بود. نتایج نشان داد که افزایش دور آبیاری از 4 به 12 روز باعث کاهش حداکثر شاخص سطح برگ بهمیزان 49 درصد، افزایش 14 درصدی شاخص سبزینگی و کاهش 15 درصدی پتانسیل آب برگ شد و اثر معنیدار بر دمای سطح برگ نداشت. افزایش شوری از 1.5 به 10، کاهش 58 درصدی حداکثر شاخص سطح برگ، افزایش 18 درصدی دمای سطح برگ، کاهش 40 درصدی شاخص سبزینگی و کاهش 17 درصدی پتانسیل آب را بهدنبال داشت. افزایش شوری آب آبیاری از 1.5 به 4، 7 و 10، باعث کاهش 35، 80 و 96 درصدی عملکرد دانه شد. افزایش دور آبیاری از 4 به 8 و 12 روز، به ترتیب باعث کاهش معنیدار 55 و 51 درصدی بهرهوری مصرف آب شد. نتایج اثر متقابل نیز نشان داد که در همه صفات مورد بررسی به‌جز پتانسیل آب برگ اختلاف معنی داری بین دورهای آبیاری 8 و 12 روز در همه سطوح شوری مشاهده نشد. اگرچه بیشترین عملکرد دانه و بهرهوری مصرف آب در تیمار شوری 1.5 و دور 4 روز مشاهده شد اما بر اساس نتایج بررسی صفات فیزیولوژیکی، عملکرد دانه و بهرهوری مصرف آب کنجد به خصوص در شرایط کمبود آب استفاده از دور آبیاری 12 روز به‌جای دور 8 روز در همه سطوح شوری قابل توصیه است.
کلیدواژه‌ها
موضوعات
Alinejadian Bidabadi, A., Hasani, M., Maleki, A., 2018. The effect of amount and salinity of water on soil salinity and growth and nutrients concentration of spinach in a pot experiment. Iranian Journal of Soil and Water Research. 49, 641-651. [In Persian with English Summary]. https://doi.org/10.22059/ijswr.2017.236843.667714.
Allen, R.G., Pereira, L.S., Raes, D., Smith, M., 1998. Crop evapotranspiration: guidelinas for computing crop water requirements. FAO Irrigation and Drainage Paper No. 56, Rome. 300 pp.
Asres, L. A., 2023. Alternative Techniques of Irrigation Water Management for Improving Crop Water Productivity. Reviews in Agricultural Science. 11, 36-53. https://doi.org/10.7831/ras.11.0_36
Assadi Nassab, N., Hassibi. P., Meskarbashee. M., 2012. Study of Photosynthesis and Respiration Changes in Different Sugar Beet (Beta vulgaris L.) Genotypes Under Salinity Stress. The Plant Production (Scientific Journal of Agriculture). 35(1), 55-69. [In Persian with English Summary].
Ataee, A., Akbari, M., Neyshabouri, M., ghaffari, Z., Zarehaghi, D., 2019. Effects of Surface and Subsurface Drip Irrigation Systems with Saline and Non-Saline Water on Sap Flow, Stomata Conductance and Canopy Temperature of Pistachio Trees. Journal of Water Research in Agriculture. 33, 583-599. [In Persian with English Summary]. https://doi.org/10.22092/jwra.2020.121240
Baghani, J., Alizadeh, A., Ansari, H., Azizi, M., 2015. Effect of water quality and drip irrigation management on yield and water use efficiency in late summer melon. Water and Soil. 29, 560-568. [In Persian with English Summary]. https://doi.org/10.22067/jsw.v0i0.31578
Behzad Nejad; J., Tahmasebi Sarvestani; Z., Aien; A., Mokhtassi Bidgoli, A., 2018. Effect of drought stress and straw mulch of wheat on morpho-physiological characteristics of sesame. Crop Ecophysiology. 12, 393-410. [In Persian with English Summary].
Behzad Nejad, J., Tahmasebi-Sarvestani, Z., Aein, A., Mokhtassi-Bidgoli, A., 2020. Wheat straw mulching helps improve yield in sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) under drought stress. International Journal of Plant Production. 14, 389-400. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42106-020-00091-8
Borg, H., Grimes, D.W., 1986. Depth development of roots with time: An empirical description. Transactions of the American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers. 29, 194-197. https://doi.org/10.13031/2013.30125
Cakir, R., 2004. Effect of water stress at different development stages on vegetative and reproductive growth of corn. Field Crops Research. 89, 1-16. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fcr.2004.01.005
Cramer, G.R., 2002. Response of abscisic acid mutant of Arabidopsis to salinity. Functional Plant Biology. 29(5), 561-567. https://doi.org/10.1071/PP01132
Dargahi, Y., Asghari, A., Shekarpour, M., Rasoulzadeh, A., 2013. Effect of water deficit stress on root morphological characters in sesame cultivars Y. Journal of Crop Production. 5, 151-172. [In Persian with English Summary].
Kaya, M.D., Ipek, A., Ozturk, A., 2003. Effects of different soil salinity levels on germination and seedling growth of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.). Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry. 27(4), 221-227.
Demiral, M.A., 2005. Comparative response of two olive (Olea europaea L.) cultivars to salinity. Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry. 29, 267-274.
Desingh, R., Kanagaraj, G., 2020. Effect of salinity stress on photosynthetic enzymes of two sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) Varieties. Plant Archives. 20, 16-20.
El Naim, M., Mahmoud, F. A., 2010. Effect of irrigation on consumptive use, water use efficiency and crop coefficient of sesame (Sesamum indicum L.). Journal of Agricultural Extension and Rural Development. 2, 59-63. https://doi.org/10.5897/JAERD.9000032
Emam, Y., NikNejad, M., 2011. Introduction to the Physiology of Crop Yield. Third edition. Shiraz University Press. 576p. [In Persian].
Fazeli-Shoroki, S., Yarami, N., Soltani-Gerdefaramarzi, S., Soltani-Mehrjardi, A., 2022. Investigation of evapotranspiration. yield, yield components and some physiological traits of winter safflower under drought and salinity stresses. Iranian Journal of Irrigation & Drainage. 16, 1026-1043. [In Persian with English Summary]. https://dorl.net/dor/20.1001.1.20087942.1401.16.5.12.7
Feher-Juhasz, J., Majer, P., Sass, L., Lantos, C., Csiszár, J., Turoczy, Z., Mihály, R., Mai, A., Pauk, J., 2014. Phenotyping shows improved physiological traits and seed yield of transgenic wheat plants expressing the alfalfa aldose reductase under permanent drought stress. Acta Physiologiae Plantarum. 36, 663-673. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11738-013-1445-0
García-Tejero, I., Durán-Zuazo, V.H., Arriaga, J., Hernández, A., Vélez, L.M. Muriel-Fernández, J.L., 2012. Approach to assess infrared thermal imaging of almond trees under water-stress conditions. Fruits. 67(6), 463-474. https://doi.org/10.1051/fruits/2012040
Ghasemi-panah, M., Aminian, R., Gholamhoseini, M., Habibzadeh, F. 2020. Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) cultivars response to full and low irrigation regimes. Iranian Journal of Field Crop Science. 51(3), 151-163. [In Persian with English Summary]. 10.22059/ijfcs.2019.250447.654439
Glenn, P., Nelson, S. G., Ambrose, B., Martínez, R., Soliz, D., Pabendinskas, V., Hultine, K., 2012. Comparison of salinity tolerance of three Atriplex spp. In well-watered and drying soils. Environmental and Experimental Botany. 83, 62–72. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envexpbot.2012.04.010
Golestani, M., Pakniyat, H., 2015. Evaluation of traits related to drought stress in sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) genotypes. Journal of Asian Scientific Research. 5(9), 465-472. https://doi.org/10.18488/journal.2/2015.5.9/2.9.465.472
Hatami, A., Aminian, R., Mafakheri, S., Soleimani Aghdam, M., 2021. Effect of Gamma Amino Butyric Acid on Morpho-Physiological Traits and Seed Yield of Quinoa under Salinity Stress. Plant Productions. 44(4), 559-572. https://doi.org/10.22055/ppd.2021.35988.1960
Jamil, M. S., Rehman, K. J., Lee, J. M. Kim, H. S. Kim., Rha, E. S., 2007. Salinity reduced growth, PS2 photochemistry and chlorophyll content in radish. Scientia Agricola. 64(2), 111 -118. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0103-90162007000200002
Karamian Hasan Abadi; Z., Eisvand; H.R., Daneshvar, M., Akbarpour, O.A., 2021. Study the effect of drought stress and iron oxide nanoparticle foliar application on quantitative and qualitative traits of sesame (Sesamum indicum L.). Environmental stresses in Crop Sciences. 14(2), 375-386. [In Persian with English Summary]. https://doi.org/10.22077/escs.2019.2645.1687
Kazemipour, N., Salehi Inchebron, M., Valizadeh, J. Sepehrimanesh, M., 2017. Clotting characteristics of milk by Withania coagulans: Proteomic and biochemical study. International Journal of Food Properties. 20, 1290-1301. https://doi.org/10.1080/10942912.2016.1207664
Khorsandi, A., Hemmat, A., Mireei, S.A., Amirfattahi, R. Ehsanzadeh, P., 2018. Plant temperature-based indices using infrared thermography for detecting water status in sesame under greenhouse conditions. Agricultural Water Management. 204, 222-233. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2018.04.012
Kim, Y. J., Arihara, T., Nakayama, N., Nakayama, S.H. Shimada, Usui, K., 2004. Antioxidative responses and their relation to salt tolerance in Echinochloa oryzicola Vasing and Setaria virdis L. Beauv. Plant Growth Regulation. 44, 87 -92. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10725-004-2746-5
Maas, E. V., Grattan, S. R., 1999. Crop yields as affected by salinity. Agricultural drainage. 38, 55-108. https://doi.org/10.2134/agronmonogr38.c3
Mahmood, S., Iram, S., Athar, H., 2003. Intra-specific variability in sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) for various quantitative and qualitative attributes under differential salt regimes. Journal of Research Science. 14(2), 177-186.
Mehrabi zadeh, Z., Ehsan Zade, P., 2012. A study on physiological attributes and grain yield of sesame cultivars under different soil moisture regimes. Journal of Crops Improvement. 13(2), 75-88. [In Persian with English Summary]. https://dorl.net/dor/20.1001.1.83372008.1390.13.2.7.3
Mousavifar, B. E., Behdani, M. A., Jami Al-Ahmadi, M., Hosseini bajd, M. S., 2011. Changes of chlorophyll index (SPAD), relative water content, electrolyte leakage and seed yield in spring safflower genotypes under irrigation termination. Iranian Journal of Field Crops Research. 9(3), 525-534. [In Persian with English Summary]. https://doi.org/10.22067/gsc.v9i3.12001
Munns, R., Tester, M., 2008. Mechanisms of salinity tolerance. Annual Review of Plant Biology. 59, 651-681. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.arplant.59.032607.092911
Nonami, H., Wu, Y. Boyer, J.S., 1997. Decreased growth-induced water potential a primary cause of growth inhabitation at low water potentials. Plant Physiology. 114(2), 501-509. https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.114.2.501
Poblaciones, M. J. Lopez-Bellido, L. Lopez-Bellido. R.J. 2009. Field estimation of technological bread-making quality in wheat. Filed Crops Research. 112(2-3), 253-259. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fcr.2009.03.011
Rajcan, I., Dwyer, L.D., Tollenaar, M., 1999. Note on relationship between leaf soluble carbohydrate and chlorophyll concentration in maize during leaf senescence. Field Crops Research. 63(1), 13-17. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-4290(99)00023-4
Ranjbar, G.H. Anagholi, A., 2018. Concepts of Salt Stress and Plant Response. Agricultural Education and Promotion Publication. 179p. [In Persian].
Ranjbar, G.H., Ghadiri, H., Edalat, M., 2016. Effect of Kochia (Kochia indica) plant density on yield and some physiological characteristics of sorghum under salinity stress. Journal of Crop Production and Processing. 5(18), 207-220. [In Persian with English Summary]. http://dx.doi.org/10.18869/acadpub.jcpp.5.18.207
Sabet Teimouri; M., Khazaie; H.R., Nassiri Mahallati; M., Nezami, A., 2010. Effect of salinity on seed yield and yield components of individual plants, morphological characteristics and leaf chlorophyll content of sesame (Sesamum indicum L.). Environmental stresses in Crop Sciences. 2(2), 119-130. [In Persian with English Summary]. https://doi.org/10.22077/escs.2010.71
Salamati, N., Danaie, A., 2016. Effects The amount of water of tape tube irrigation on qualitative and quantitative yield of three sesame varieties. Iranian Journal of Soil and Water Research. 47(1), 137-146. [In Persian with English Summary]. https://doi.org/10.22059/ijswr.2016.57986
Salamati, N., Danaie, A., Behbahani, L., 2020. Study of Drought Stress Indices in Two Varieties of Sesame (Darab1 and Dashtestan2). Iranian Journal of Soil and Water Research. 50(9), 2201-2211. [In Persian with English Summary]. 10.22059/ijswr.2019.279471.668169
Saleh, B., 2012. Salt stress alters physiological indicators in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.). Soil and Environment. 31(2), 113-118.
Shabani, A., Kamgar Haghighi., A.A., Sepaskhah, A.R. Emam, Y., Honar, T., 2009. Effect of water stress on physiological parameters of oil seed rape (Brassica napus). Journal of Water and Soil Science. 13(49), 31-42. [In Persian with English Summary]. 20.1001.1.24763594.1388.13.49.3.5
Shahbazi, N., Kazemitabar, S.K., Kiani, G., Pakdin Parizi, A., Mehraban Joubani, P., 2021. Physiological and biochemical responses of different sesame (sesamum indicum L.) genotypes under salinity stress. Plant Process and Function. 10(45), 207-234. [In Persian with English Summary]. 20.1001.1.23222727.1400.10.45.18.6
Sinclair, T. R., Gilbert, R. A., Perdomo, R. E., Shine J. R., Powell, G. Montes. G., 2004. Sugarcane leaf area development under field conditions in Florida, USA, Journal of Field Crops Research. 88(2-3), 171–178. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fcr.2003.12.005
Sorkhi; F., Fateh, M., 2019. Effect of drought stress on leaf area index, photosynthesis, stomatal conductance and proline content in two pinto bean cultivars (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). Environmental stresses in Crop Sciences. 12, 389-399. [In Persian with English Summary]. https://doi.org/10.22077/escs.2018.1373.1294
Suassuna, J. F., Fernandes, P. D., Brito, M. E. B., Arriel, N. H. C., de Melo, A. S., Fernandes, J. D., 2017. Tolerance to salinity of sesame genotypes in different phenological stages. American Journal of Plant Sciences. 8, 1904-1920. https://doi.org/10.4236/ajps.2017.88129
Teixeira, W. F., Soares, L. H., Fagan, E. B. Costa Mello, S. D., Reichardt, K., Dourado-Neto, D., 2020. Amino acids as stress reducers in soybean plant growth under different water-deficit conditions. Journal of Plant Growth Regulator. 39, 905–919. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00344-019-10032-z
Viera-Santos, C., 2004. Regulation of chlorophyll biosynthesis and degradation by salt stress in sunflower leaves. Scientia Horticulturae. 103(1), 93-99. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2004.04.009
Weiss, E.A., 2000. Oilseed Crops. Blackwell Science Publications Limited. London pp. 131-164.
Wu, M. S., Aquino, L. B. B., Barbaza, M. Y. U., 2019. Anti-inflammatory and anticancer properties of bioactive compounds from Sesamum indicum L.-A review. Molecules. 24(24), 4426. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules24244426
Yang, X., Lu, M., Wang, Y., Wang, Y., Liu, Z., Chen, S., 2021. Response mechanism of plants to drought stress. Horticulturae. 7, 50. https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae7030050
Zhao, W., Liu, L., Shen, Q., Yang, J., Han, X., Tian, F., Wu, J., 2020. Effects of water stress on photosynthesis, yield, and water use efficiency in winter wheat. Water. 12(8), 1-19. https://doi.org/10.3390/w12082127
)