نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 دانش‌آموخته گروه مهندسی تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه بوعلی سینا، همدان
2 دانشیار گروه مهندسی تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه بوعلی سینا، همدان
چکیده
در بین گیاهان زراعی، گندم بیشترین سطح زیر کشت دیم را به خود اختصاص داده است و تنش خشکی مهم ترین عامل افت عملکرد این گیاه راهبردی است. یکی از راهکارهای مقابله با این تنش، استفاده از گونه‌های مختلف جنس آژیلوپس در برنامههای به نژادی گندم است. هدف این تحقیق ارزیابی ارتباط بین عملکرد دانه با 32 صفت مختلف فنولوژیک و اگرومورفوفیزیولوژیک در ده اکوتیپ مختلف آژیلوپس تائوشی بود که در قالب طرح بلوکهای کامل تصادفی در طی دو دوره آزمایش و تحت شرایط تنش خشکی ارزیابی شدند. عملکرد دانه همبستگی مثبت و معنی دار (p≤0.01) با صفات کارایی مصرف آب، طول پدانکل، شاخص برداشت بوته، وزن سنبله اصلی، وزن دانه در سنبله اصلی، تعداد سنبله بارور در بوته، وزن هزار دانه، ارتفاع بوته، قدرت حفظ آب در برگ قطع‌شده، تعداد دانه در بوته، وزن پدانکل و شاخص سطح برگ نشان داد. اغلب صفات فنولوژیک و ریشه ای دارای همبستگی منفی و معنیدار (p≤0.05) با عملکرد دانه بودند. طبق نتایج رگرسیون گام‌به‌گام صفات کارایی مصرف آب و تعداد سنبله بارور در بوته، با ضریب رگرسیونی مثبت و صفات قطر ریشه و روز تا سنبله دهی با ضریب رگرسیونی منفی، به‌عنوان مهمترین صفات مؤثر بر تغییرات عملکرد دانه به ترتیب وارد مدل رگرسیونی شدند. صفت کارایی مصرف آب بیشترین اثر مستقیم و مثبت را بر افزایش عملکرد دانه داشت. صفت کارایی مصرف آب، از طریق افزایش روز تا سنبله‌دهی، بیشترین اثر غیرمستقیم منفی را بر عملکرد دانه داشت. به‌طورکلی با توجه به قرابت ژنتیکی بین گندم زراعی و گونه آژیلوپس تائوشی، به عنوان جد دهنده ژنوم D به گندم زراعی، گزینش بر اساس مقادیر بیشتر دو صفت کارایی مصرف آب و تعداد سنبله بارور در بوته، که دارای توارث پذیری ساده تری نسبت به عملکرد دانه هستند، همچنین انتخاب برای مقادیر کمتر صفات فنولوژیک و ریشهای ممکن است منجر به بهبود عملکرد گندم در شرایط تنش خشکی شود.
کلیدواژه‌ها
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