نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی سابق کارشناسی ارشد دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد

2 عضو هیئت‌علمی دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد

چکیده

گونه‌های جنس نعناع ازجمله مهم‌ترین سبزی‌ها هستند که در معرض آسیب‌های حاصل از تنش کم‌آبی قرار دارند. به‌منظور بررسی خصوصیات رشدی سه گونه نعناع در شرایط تنش کم‌آبی، آزمایشی به‌صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی با پنج تکرار در شرایط کنترل‌شده انجام شد و گونه‌های Mentha longifolia (پونه)، Mentha spicata (سوسن) و هیبرید Mentha x piperita (نعناع فلفلی) در معرض چهار سطح رطوبتی خاک {100 (شاهد)، 80، 60 و 40 درصد ظرفیت زراعی} قرار گرفتند و در طول فصل رشد روند خصوصیاتی نظیر درصد بقاء، تعداد شاخه و استولون، تعداد برگ، طول شاخه‌ها و میزان نسبی کلروفیل اندازه‌گیری شد. نتایج نشان داد که تیمارهای رطوبتی خاک تأثیر معنی‌داری بر درصد بقاء هر سه گونه‌ی نعناع داشتند. در تیمارهای شاهد و 80 درصد ظرفیت زراعی تعداد و طول شاخه‌ها و تعداد برگ گونه‌ی پونه نسبت به دو گونه‌ی دیگر بیشتر بود، درحالی‌که ازنظر تعداد و طول استولون گونه‌ی نعناع فلفلی برتری معنی‌داری نسبت به دو گونه دیگر در تمام سطوح رطوبتی داشت. باوجوداینکه کاهش رطوبت خاک در شرایط 60 درصد ظرفیت زراعی منجر به کاهش شدید تعداد و طول شاخه، تعداد برگ، تعداد و طول استولون در هر سه گونه‌ی نعناع شد، اما در این تیمار رطوبتی گونه‌ی سوسن رشد بهتری نسبت به دو گونه‌ی دیگر داشت. در هر سه گونه موردبررسی تنش کم‌آبی سبب کاهش خصوصیات رشدی گیاه شد، ولی گونه‌ی سوسن در شرایط کاهش 20 و 40 درصد رطوبت آب خاک (نسبت به ظرفیت کامل زراعی) رشد بهتری نسبت به دو گونه‌ی دیگر داشت.

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