نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 دانشجوی سابق کارشناسی ارشد، گروه علوم باغبانی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه بوعلی سینا، همدان
2 دانشیار گروه علوم باغبانی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه بوعلی سینا، همدان
چکیده
در این پژوهش، اثر تنش خشکی در مراحل مختلف بر خصوصیات رشدی و فیتوشیمیایی گیاه سرخارگل مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. گیاهان در مرحله 10 برگی، قبل از گلدهی و گلدهی تحت تنش خشکی قرار گرفتند. آبیاری شامل سه سطح بدون تنش (شاهد)، تنش ملایم و تنش شدید (به ترتیب آبیاری در 80، 60 و 40 درصد ظرفیت زراعی) بود. نتایج تجزیه واریانس نشان داد که اثر برهمکنش سطوح آبیاری و مراحل رشد برای ویژگی‌های سطح برگ، طول ساقه، قطر گل، وزن خشک گل، کلروفیل a، کلروفیل b، کاروتنوئید و فنل و فلاونوئید کل گل و ریشه معنی‌دار بود. نتایج نشان داد که تنش خشکی باعث کاهش معنی‌دار ویژگی‌های رشدی، کلروفیل a، کاروتنوئید و افزایش محتوای کلروفیلb گیاه سرخارگل در مراحل مختلف رشد گردید. غلظت فنل کل و فلاونوئید کل در کاپیتول، تحت تنش شدید خشکی به ترتیب به میزان 37.58 و 25.67 درصد افزایش پیدا کرد. همچنین ظرفیت آنتی اکسیدانی گل تحت تنش شدید خشکی افزایش پیدا کرد ولی تنش خشکی تاثیری بر میزان ظرفیت آنتی اکسیدانی ریشه نداشت. افزون بر این بیش از 70 درصد اجزاء اسانس در زمان اعمال تنش ملایم در مراحل 10 برگی و قبل از گلدهی و تنش شدید در هر سه مرحله رشد را چهار ترکیب جرماکرن دی، اِن-دُدکان، اِن-تری دکان و اِن-اُن دکان تشکیل دادند. در مقایسه با شرایط تنش ملایم، بیش‌تر ترکیبات اسانس سرخارگل با اعمال تنش شدید در مراحل رشدی 10 برگی و قبل از گلدهی کاهش یافت اما در مرحله گلدهی افزایش پیدا کردند. تنش خشکی شدید باعث کاهش ترکیب جرماکرن دی در مراحل 10 برگی و گلدهی (به ترتیب به میزان 41.6 و 41.3 درصد) و افزایش آن در مرحله قبل از گلدهی (77.2 درصد) گردید.
کلیدواژه‌ها
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