نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی مقطع کارشناسی ارشد زراعت. دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه ایلام

2 استادیار گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه ایلام

3 استادیار گروه علوم مهندسی آبیاری و زهکشی، دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه ایلام

4 دانش‌آموخته مقطع دکتری زراعت، دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه ایلام

چکیده

به‌منظور بررسی اثر الگوهای کاشت بر خصوصیات فیزیولوژیکی ماش و ذرت در شرایط تنش خشکی، آزمایشی به‌صورت کرت‌های خرد شده در قالب طرح پایه بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در مزرعه تحقیقاتی دانشگاه ایلام طی سال زراعی 1401-1400 انجام گردید. کرت‌‌های اصلی شامل آبیاری در چهار سطح (40، 60، 80 و 100 درصد نیاز آبی گیاه) و کرت‌های فرعی شامل الگوی کاشت در چهار سطح (کشت مخلوط افزایشی 100 درصد ذرت+ 50 درصد ماش، کشت مخلوط جایگزینی 50 درصد ذرت+ 50 درصد ماش و کشت خالص ماش و ذرت) بودند. نتایج نشان داد تنش کم‌آبی (40 درصد نیاز آبی) باعث کاهش کلروفیل، سرعت فتوسنتز، مقدار رطوبت نسبی و سرعت تعرق در هر دو گیاه ماش و ذرت گردید. سرعت فتوسنتز ذرت در الگوی کاشت جایگزینی در مقایسه با کشت خالص ذرت 18.3 درصد بیشتر بود. غلظت کلروفیل ذرت در الگوهای کشت مخلوط جایگزینی و افزایشی به‌میزان 7.7 درصد بیشتر از کشت خالص ذرت بود. بیشترین غلظت دی اکسید کربن زیر روزنه، دمای برگ و مقدار پرولین برگ ذرت و ماش در شرایط 40 درصد نیاز آبی حاصل گردید. عملکرد دانه ذرت تحت شرایط 40 درصد نیاز آبی در مقایسه با 100درصد نیاز آبی به‌میزان 52.76 درصد کاهش یافت. بیشترین عملکرد دانه ذرت در کشت خالص ذرت و مخلوط افزایشی به‌دست آمد و کشت مخلوط جایگزینی کمترین عملکرد دانه ذرت را به خود اختصاص داد. در سطوح مختلف آبیاری بیشترین عملکرد دانه ماش از کشت خالص به‌دست آمد و عملکرد ماش در کشت مخلوط افزایشی و جایگزینی کاهش یافت. نسبت برابری زمین در همه الگوهای کاشت ذرت و ماش تحت شرایط آبیاری مختلف بیشتر از یک بود و نشان‌دهنده برتری کشت مخلوط ذرت و ماش بر کشت خالص بود. به‌طور‌کلی نتیجه‌گیری می‌شود که کشت مخلوط ماش و ذرت رهیافت مهمی برای افزایش تولید محصول در شرایط تنش کم‌آبی است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

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