نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 دانشجوی دکتری، گروه تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه شاهد، تهران
2 دانشیار، گروه تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه شاهد، تهران
3 استادیار، گروه گیاه‌پزشکی دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه شاهد، تهران
چکیده
به‌منظور بررسی اثر تاریخ کاشت و رژیم‌های آبیاری بر عملکرد و اجزاء عملکرد نخود (Cicer arietinum L.)، آزمایشی به‌صورت کرت خردشده در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی در سال زراعی 1401-1400 در مزرعه تحقیقاتی دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه شاهد انجام شد. عامل اصلی، رژیم‌های آبیاری در سه سطح: 1) رژیم آبیاری تکمیلی (آبیاری در دو زمان کاشت و قبل از گلدهی بر اساس 20 درصد تخلیه آب قابل‌استفاده خاک)، 2) آبیاری کامل یا شاهد (آبیاری بر اساس 20 درصد تخلیه آب قابل‌استفاده خاک)، 3) کم‌آبیاری (آبیاری بر اساس 40 درصد تخلیه آب قابل‌استفاده خاک) و عامل فرعی تاریخ کاشت پاییزه (15 آبان) و بهاره (15 اسفند)، بود. نتایج نشان داد اثر متقابل رژیم آبیاری و تاریخ کاشت بر تعداد شاخه در بوته، تعداد نیام در بوته، ارتفاع بوته، تعداد دانه در بوته، شاخص برداشت، عملکرد بیولوژیک و عملکرد دانه معنی‌دار بود. کشت پاییزه و آبیاری کامل، بیشترین تعداد شاخه در بوته (9.83) عدد، تعداد نیام در بوته (30.5) عدد، ارتفاع بوته (51.08) سانتی‌متر، تعداد دانه در بوته (26.66) عدد، شاخص برداشت (0.48) درصد، عملکرد بیولوژیک (4670) کیلوگرم در هکتار و عملکرد دانه (2384.17) کیلوگرم در هکتار را نشان داد. عملکرد دانه مربوط به کشت پاییزه و رژیم آبیاری تکمیلی تفاوت آماری معنی‌داری با کشت بهاره و رژیم کم‌آبیاری نشان نداد. رژیم کم‌آبیاری نسبت به رژیم آبیاری تکمیلی در کلیه صفات بعد از رژیم آبیاری شاهد بیشترین کارایی را در کشت پاییزه نشان داد. چنین نتیجه‌گیری می‌شود که رژیم کم‌آبیاری به‌عنوان یک رژیم کم‌آبیاری مناسب برای شرایط منطقه مورد آزمایش برای کاشت نخود در پاییز پیشنهاد می‌شود. توصیه می‌شود سایر تاریخ‌های کاشت پاییزه این رقم در شرایط کم‌آبیاری موردمطالعه قرار گیرد.
کلیدواژه‌ها
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