نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار بخش تحقیقات زراعی و باغی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گلستان، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، گرگان

2 دانشیار بخش تحقیقات زراعی و باغی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گلستان، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، گرگان

3 دانشیار موسسه تحقیقات اصلاح و تهیه نهال و بذر، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرج

چکیده

به‌منظور تجزیه ژنتیکی عملکرد و برخی صفات مورفولوژیک گندم نان هشت رقم گندم نان شامل استار، تیرگان، احسان، شیرودی، بم، تجن، یانگ و اکبری در یک بلوک تلاقی کشت شدند و تلاقی‌های مستقیم بین هشت رقم مذکور به‌منظور تولید نسل ‌F1 انجام شد. نتاج حاصل از تلاقی به همراه والدین آن‌ها در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در ایستگاه تحقیقات کشاورزی گرگان تحت دو شرایط آبیاری کامل و تنش خشکی دوره زایشی در سال زراعی 1400-1399 مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفتند. اعمال تنش خشکی انتهایی در مرحله ظهور کامل سنبله (زادوکس 60) انجام شد. نتایج تجزیه واریانس مرکب صفات در دو محیط عادی و تنش خشکی دوره زایشی نشان داد که اثر متقابل ژنوتیپ×محیط برای صفات عملکرد دانه، عملکرد بیولوژیک و وزن صد دانه معنی‌دار بود. بیشترین مقادیر ترکیب‌پذیری عمومی در صفات عملکرد بیولوژیک، عملکرد دانه، شاخص برداشت، تعداد دانه در سنبله و وزن صد دانه در هر دو شرایط آبیاری کامل و تنش خشکی مربوط به رقم تیرگان بود. حداکثر ترکیب‌پذیری خصوصی عملکرد دانه در شرایط آبیاری کامل مربوط به تلاقی تجن×اکبری بود. تحت شرایط تنش خشکی تلاقی بم×اکبری در صفت عملکرد بیولوژیک و عملکرد دانه حداکثر ترکیب‌پذیری خصوصی را داشت از طرفی در صفات وزن صد دانه، شاخص برداشت و تعداد دانه در سنبله نیز ترکیب‌پذیری خصوصی بالایی داشت و به‌عنوان تلاقی مطلوب تحت تنش خشکی شناخته شد. به طور کلی در صفات عملکرد دانه، عملکرد بیولوژیک و وزن صد دانه وراثت‌پذیری خصوصی در شرایط تنش کمتر از شرایط آبیاری کامل بود. نتایج این پژوهش نشان داد که در هر دو شرایط آبیاری کامل و تنش خشکی می‌توان بهبود ژنتیکی صفات ارتفاع بوته و طول پدانکل را در نسل‌های مقدماتی نتاج این تلاقی‌ها انجام داد، در حالی که در سایر صفات بایستی انجام گزینش تا نسل‌های پیشرفته ادامه‌ یابد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

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