نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسندگان
گروه آگروتکنولوژی دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه تربیت مدرس
چکیده
به‌منظور ارزیابی تأثیر تنش کم آبی بر صفات فیزیولوژیکی و کیفیت علوفه شبدر ایرانی (Trifolium resupinatum L.) آزمایشی طی سال‌های زراعی 1396 و 1397 به‌صورت طرح بلوکهای کامل تصادفی در مزرعه تحقیقاتی دانشگاه تربیت مدرس به اجرا درآمد. تیمارهای مورد آزمایش شامل تنش کمآبی در چهار سطح (آبیاری پس از رسیدن به سطوح 80، 60، 40 و 20 درصد رطوبت قابل‌دسترس) بود. آبیاری تمامی تیمارها تا زمان شروع تنش در مراحل پایانی رشد رویشی چین دوم در سطح 70 درصد آب در دسترس انجام شد. نتایج نشان داد تنش کمآبی بر تمامی صفات موردبررسی اثر معنیداری داشت. تیمارهای آبیاری در 80 و 60 درصد آب در دسترس گیاه، با عملکرد ماده خشک 5.10 و 4.98 تن در هکتار بالاترین مقدار را داشتند و تعویق آبیاری تا حدود 40 و 20 درصد آب در دسترس گیاه موجب کاهش معنی دار 19 و 36 درصدی این صفت شد. همچنین آبیاری در سطح 20 درصد موجب کاهش 27 درصدی محتوی پروتئین علوفه، افزایش حدود 12 درصدی الیاف نامحلول در شوینده های اسیدی و خنثی و درنهایت کاهش 16 درصدی ارزش غذایی نسبی شد. در مقایسه روند تغییرات صفات فیزیولوژیک در 10 روز ابتدایی شروع تنش آبی، افزایش پیوسته دمای برگ از 30.5 تا 34 درجه سانتیگراد، افت 49، 50 و 15 درصدی سرعت فتوسنتز، هدایت روزنه ای و شاخص سبزینگی و کاهش غلظت کلروفیل a و b به میزان 25 و 40 درصد مشاهده شد. هرچند کاهش 80 درصدی رطوبت در دسترس، سبب کاهش هدایت روزنه‌ای و افزایش دمای برگ شده بود، اما با برگشت به شرایط نرمال رطوبتی، دمای برگ و هدایت روزنه‌ای با سرعت و سایر صفات به‌آرامی به وضعیت پیش از تنش بازگشتند. با توجه به همبستگی بالا بین سرعت فتوسنتز و عملکرد علوفه توجه بیشتر به این صفت در پژوهشهای آینده لازم به نظر میرسد. درمجموع نتایج نشان داد آبیاری در سطح 60 درصد ظرفیت زراعی هم میتواند عملکرد کیفی و کمی بالا و قابل قبولی داشته باشد و هم در مصرف آب بهینه عمل کرد.
کلیدواژه‌ها
موضوعات
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