نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 دانشجو کارشناسی ارشد دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد مهاباد، گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد مهاباد، مهاباد
2 هیئت‌علمی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد مهاباد، مهاباد
چکیده
با هدف بررسی اثر محلول‌پاشی شکل‌های مختلف کود آهن بر عملکرد و خصوصیات علوفه ماشک در شرایط تنش خشکی تحقیقی در سال زراعی 1400 به صورت اسپلیت پلات در چهار تکرار اجرا شد. سطوح مختلف آبیاری شامل عدم آبیاری (شرایط دیم)، یک بار آبیاری و دو بار آبیاری در کرت‌های اصلی و محلول پاشی شکل‌های مختلف کود آهن شامل شاهد (محلول پاشی‌پاشی با آب) کلات آهن (Fe-EDTA)، نانوکلات آهن (خضرا) و منبع غیرکلاته سولفات آهن در کرت‌های فرعی قرار گرفتند. نتایج شرایط دیم در مقایسه با تیمار دو بار آبیاری عملکرد علوفه تر و خشک و محتوی پروتئین علوفه را به ترتیب 71.65، 50.16، 58.58 درصد کاهش و الیاف نامحلول در شوینده اسیدی دیواره سلولی(ADF) را 48.15 درصد افزایش داد، همچنین تحت تیمار نانوکلات آهن علوفه تر و خشک، محتوی پروتئین علوفه و محتوی کربوهیدارت‌های محلول به ترتیب 84.35، 40.19، 22.90 و 64.08 افزایش و الیاف نامحلول در شوینده خنثی دیواره سلولی (NDF) 11.60درصد کاهش یافت. در بین تیمارهای برهمکنش آبیاری با محلول‌پاشی آهن بالاترین محتوی کلروفیل (به ترتیب 133.45 و 131.04 میلی‌گرم بر گرم وزن تر)، ارتفاع بوته (به ترتیب 23.81 و 23.43 سانتی متر)، درصد قابلیت هضم علوفه (به ترتیب 42.72 و 77.10 درصد)، درصد فیبر (به ترتیب 37.75 و 40.98) و درصد خاکستر علوفه (به ترتیب 19.37 و 21.01 درصد) و کمترین NDF دیواره سلولی (به ترتیب 21.78 و 26.93 درصد) در تیمار کلات آهن (Fe-EDTA) و نانوکلات آهن و دو بار آبیاری ثبت شد. نتاج نشان داد کلات آهن (Fe-EDTA) تحت تیمار یک بار آبیاری توانست محتوی کلروفیل برگ، درصد قابلیت هضم علوفه و درصد فیبر علوفه را در مقایسه با تیمار شاهد به صورت معنی‌داری افزایش دهد.ت محلول‌پاشی کود آهن از منابع کلات آهن (Fe-EDTA) و نانو کلات آهن (خضرا) و دو بار آبیاری جهت دستیابی به حداکثر خصوصیات کمی و کیفی علوفه ماشک گل خوشه‌ای قابل توصیه است.
کلیدواژه‌ها
موضوعات
Abbasi, A., Mohammadi Nargesi, B., Keshavarznia, R., Poor Ibrahim, Q., 2013. The study of genetic variation of common vetch (vicia sativa .l) based on morphological traits under normal and stress conditions. Iranian Journal of Field Crop Science. 3, 370-359. [In Persian]. https://doi.org/10.22059/IJFCS.2013.36146
Aghazadeh-Khalkhali, D., Mehrafarin, A., Abdossi, V., Naghdi Badi, H., 2015. Mucilage and seed yield of psyllium (Plantago psyllium L.) in response to foliar application of nanoiron and potassium chelate fertilizer. Journal of Medicinal Plants. 14, 23- 34. http://jmp.ir/article-1-838-en.html
Aghdasi, S., Modares Sanavy, S.A.M., Aghaalikhani, M., Keshavarz, H., 2016. Effect of foliar application of iron and manganese on yield and yield components of mungbean under water deficit stress. Water and Soil Science Journal. 28, 13-25.
Ahmadi, L., Ghobadi, M., Saeidi, M. Ghaderi, J., 2019. The effect of supplemental irrigation, time and methods of Fe fertilizer application on qualitative and quantitative traits of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.). Iranian Journal of Pulses Research. 10, 119- 131. [In Persian]. https://doi.org/10.22067/IJPR.V10I2.68262
Amaliotis, D., Velemis, D., Bladenopoulou, S., Karapetsas, N., 2002. Leaf nutrient levels of strawberries (cv. Tudla) in relation to crop yield. Acta Horticulture. 567, 447- 450. https://doi.org/10.17660/ActaHortic.2002.567.93
Amiri Nejad, M., Akbari, Gh. A., BaqiZadeh, A., Alah-dadi, A., Shahbazi, M., Naimi, M., 2015. Effect of drought stress and foliar iron and zinc on some biochemical traits of cumin plant. Agricultural Crop (Journal of Agricultural Sciences). 17, 855-866. https://doi.org/10.22059/jci.2015.55136
Ardashiri, T., Jahanbin. S., 2018. Effect of foliar application of nano-iron and zinc chelated on yield, yield components and harvest index of canola under drought stress conditions. Crops Improvement. 20, 31-43. [In Persian]. https://doi.org/10.22059/jci.2018.220873.1582
Asghari Meidany, J., Karimi, E., 2013. Sowing depth effects on vetch yield in maragheh dry lands. Iranian Journal of Field Crops Research. 11, 430-436. [In Persian].
Ayoubi zadeh, N., Laei, G., Amini Dehghi, M., Masoud Sinaki, J., Rezvan S., 2018. Effect of foliar application of iron nano-chelate and folic acid on seed yield and some physiological traits of sesame cultivars under drought tension conditions. Crop Physiology Journal. 10, 55-74. [In Persian]. https://doi.org/10.22059/jci.2020.281730.2220
Azad, H., Fakheri, B., Mehdi Nejhad, N., Parmoon, G., 2017. Response of different irrigation on nano iron chelated to chamomile genotypes. Journal of Crop Ecophysiology. 11, 565-584. [In Persian].
Bagheri Dehabadi, M., Moghadam, H., Chaichi, M.R., Zilouie. N., 2016. The mycorrhiza and iron and zinc foliar application on quantitative and qualitative characteristics of forage sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.). Crops Improvement. 16, 799-815. [In Persian]. https://dorl.net/dor/20.1001.1.83372008.1396.19.3.17.7
Cakmak, I., Wolfgang, H.P., Bonnie, M.C., 2010. Biofortification of durum wheat with zinc and iron. Cereal Chemistry. 87, 10-20. https://doi.org/10.1094/CCHEM-87-1-0010
Datirl, R. B., Apparao, B.J., Laware S.L., 2012. Application of amino acid chelated micronutrient for enhancing growth and productivity in chili (Capsicum annum L.). Plant Sciences Feed. 2, 100-106.
Dogan, A., 2019. Effect of supplemental irrigation on vetch yield components. Agricultural Water Management. 213, 978-982. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2018.12.013
Erdal, I., Kepenek, K., Kizilgoz, I., 2004. Effect of foliar iron applications at different growth stages on iron and some nutrient concentrations in strawberry cultivars, Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry. 28, 421-427.
Fang Y., Wang L., Xin Z., Zhao L.Y., An X.X., and Hu Q.H., 2008. Effect of foliar application of zinc, selenium, and iron fertilizers on nutrients concentration and yield of rice grain in China. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. 56, 2079–2084. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2020.589835
Godsey R.J., Johnson, B., 2001. Seed treatment, seeding rate, and cultivar effects on iron deficiency chlorosis of soybean. Journal of Plant Nutrition. 24, 1255–1268. https://doi.org/10.1081/PLN-100106980
Good, A., Zaplachiniski, S., 1994. The effects of drought on free aminoacid accumulation and protein syntesis in (Brassica napus). Physiologia Plantarum. 90, 9–14. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3054.1994.tb02185.x
Hail, Y., Daci, M., Tan, M. E., 2009. Valuation of annual legumes and barley as sole crops and intercrop in spring frost conditions for animal feeding: Yield and quality. Journal of Animal and Veterinary Advances. 8, 1337-1342.
Hasan vand, M., Ashraf Jafari, A., Sepahvand, A., Nakhjavan, S., 2010. Study for yield and quality traits in 6 domestic populations of common vetch (Vicia sativa) grown under optimum and dry land farming system in Lorestan, Iran. Iranian Journal of Rangeland and Desert Research. 16, 517-535.
Heidari, M., 2011. Effect of salinity on growth, chlorophyll content and osmotic components of two cultivars of basil (Basilicum ocimum L.). Africa Journal of Biotechnology. 11, 379-384.
Irmak, S., Nuran Çıl, A., Yücel, H., Kaya, Z., 2012. The effects of iron application to soil and foliarly on agronomic properties and yield of peanut (Arachis hypogaea), Journal of Food, Agriculture and Environment. 10, 417 – 422.
Jalilian, J., Sanawi, A.M., Sabbaghpour, H., 2005. Effect of plant density and supplementary irrigation on yield and yield components of chickpea cultivars. Journal of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources. 12, 1-9. [In Persian].
Jalilian, N., Rahiminejad, M.R., 2012. Determination of vicia species based on seed shape in Iran. Journal of Seed Science and Technology. 2, 71-76.
Karimi, M. A., Glovi, M., Dehmera, M., Kafi, M., 2014. The effect of drought stress and different levels of potassium fertilizer on the quantitative and qualitative yield of Kochia (Kochia scoparia) scoparia. New Finding in Agriculture. 3, 239-253 [In Persian].
Karimi, R., Hadi, H., Tajbaksh, M., 2016. Forage yield of sorghum under water deficit and foliar application of zinc sulphate and salicylic acid. Journal of Agricultural Science. 26, 169-187. [In Persian].
Kazemi. E., Baradaran, R., Ghasemi. A., 2012. The effect of iron and zinc foliar application on the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of grain sorghum under drought stress conditions. Agronomy Journal (Pajouhesh and Sazandegi). 102, 190-196 [In Persian].
Khalaj, H., Baradarn Firouzabadi, M., Delfani, M., 2019. Effect of nano iron and magnesium chelate fertilizers on growth and grain yield of Vigna sinensis L. Journal of Plant Process and Function. 9, 160-177. [In Persian].
Lalinia, A.A., Marefatzadeh Khamenh, M., Galostian, M., Majnoon Hoseini, N., Esmailzade Bahabadi, S., 2012. Echophysiological impact of water stress ongrowth and development of mungbean. International Journal of Agronomy and Plant Production. 3, 599-607.
Lambers, H., Chapin, F.S., and Pons, T.L., 2008. Plant physiology ecology, 2nd edition Springer, New York.
Levitt, J., 1980. Responses of plant toenviron mental stresses. AcademicPress, New York. 215 Pp.
Mahdi nezhad, N., Jamalpour, H., Fakheri B., Azad, H., 2019. The study of the response of some physiological characteristics and grain yield of Purslane cultivars to drought stress and foliar application of chelated nano iron. Journal of Plant Environment Physiology. 14, 74-89. [In Persian]. https://dorl.net/dor/20.1001.1.76712423.1398.14.54.7.7
Malakoti, M.J., Tehrani, M.M., 1999. Effects of micronutriens on the Yield and Quality of Agricultural Products. Tarbiat Modarres University Publications. 22, 292-294.
Marshener, P., 2012. Marshener's mineral nutrition of higher of plants. Academic London, London.
McGrath, D., 1988. Seasonal variation in the watersoluble carbohydrates of perennial and Italian ryegrass under cutting conditions. Irish Journal of Agricultural and food Research. 27, 131-139.
Mehrvarz, S., Chaichi, M.R., Hashemi, M., Parsinejad, M., 2013. Yield and growth response of Maize (Zea Mays L. S. C.704) to surfactant under limited irrigation. International Journal of Plant and Animal Sciences. 1, 41-51.
Miyashita, K., Tanakamaru, S., Maitani, T., Kimura, K., 2005. Recovery responses of photosynthesis, transpiration, and stomatal conductance in kidney bean following drought stress. Environmental and experimental botany. 53, 205-14. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envexpbot.2004.03.015
Mohammadi, H., Heidari, G. R., Sohrabi, Y., 2020. The effects of biological and chemical nitrogen fertilizers and Iron micronutrient on forge quality and yield of maize (Zea mays L.) Plant Productions. 43, 187-205. [In Persian]. https://doi.org/10.22055/ppd.2019.27736.1678
Parry, M.A.J., Andralojc, P.J., Khan, S., Lea, P.J., Keys, A.J., 2002. Rubisco activity: effects of drought stress. Annals of Botany. 89, 833-839.
Paygozar, Y., Ghanbari, A., Heydari, M., Tavassoli, A., 2009. Effect of foliar application of certain micronutrients on qualitative and quantitative characteristics of pearl millet (Pennisetum glacum) under drought stress. Journal of Agriculture Science. 3, 67-79. [In Persian].
Peyvandi, M., Parandeh, H., Mirza, M., 2015. Comparison of nano Fe and Fe chelate fertilizers on the quality and the quantity of Ocimum basilicum L. essential oil. Iranian Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants. 31, 185-193. [In Persian].
Pirzad, A., Shokrani, F., 2012, Effects of iron application on growth characters and flower yield of Calendula officinalis L. under water stress, World Applied Sciences Journal. 18, 1203-1208. https://doi.org/10.5829/idosi.wasj.2012.18.09.538
Pourgholam, M., Nemati, N., Oveysi, M., 2013, Effect of zinc and iron under the influence of drought on prolin, protein and nitrogen leaf of rapeseed (Brassica napus), Annals of Biological Research. 4, 200-203.
Rezaeei M., Daneshvar M., Shirani A.H., 2014. Effect of iron nano chelated fertilizers foliar application on three wheat cultivars in Khorramabad climatic conditions. Scientific Journal of Crop Science. 3, 9-16. https://doi.org/10.14196/sjcs.v3i1.1178
Rutkowska, B., Szulc, W., Labetowicz, J., 2009. Influence of soil fertilization on microelements in soil solution of sandy soil. Journal of Elementology. 14, 353-354. https://doi.org/10.5601/jelem.2009.14.2.15
Sanches-Rodrigues, E., Rubio-Welhelmi, M.D., Cervilla, L.M., Blasco, B., Rios, J.J., Leyva, R., Romero, L., and Ruiz, J.M., 2010. Study of the ionome and uptake fluxes in cherry tomato plants under moderate water stress conditions. Plant and Soil. 335, 339-347.
Turhan, H., Baser, I., 2014. In vitro and in vivo water stress in sunflower (Helianthus annus L.). Helia, 27, 227-23. https://doi.org/10.2298/HEL0440227T
)