نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری زراعت، گروه مهندسی تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشگاه بیرجند

2 دانشیار گروه مهندسی تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشگاه بیرجند

3 عضو گروه پژوهشی گیاه و تنش‌های محیطی، دانشگاه بیرجند

4 دانشیار گروه علوم و مهندسی آب، دانشگاه بیرجند

چکیده

به‌منظور بررسی شاخص­های تحمل تنش خشکی ارقام کینوا، چهار آزمایش مجزا (شامل دو تاریخ کاشت بهاره و تابستانه در دو منطقه بیرجند و سربیشه) موردمطالعه قرار گرفت که هر یک از آن‌ها به‌صورت فاکتوریل (فاکتورها عبارت‌اند از چهار سطح رطوبتی 100، 75، 50 و 25 درصد نیاز آبی و سه رقم کینوا به نام تیتیکاکا، گیزاوان و ردکارینا) در قالب طرح بلوک­های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار اجرا گردید و از طریق تجزیه به مؤلفه­های اصلی مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفت. ارزیابی ارقام ازنظر تحمل خشکی با استفاده از شاخص ­تحمل (TOL)، شاخص حساسیت به تنش (SSI)، شاخص تحمل به تنش (STI)، میانگین حسابی بهره­وری (MP)، میانگین هندسی بهره­ وری (GMP) و میانگین هارمونیک (HM) انجام گرفت. نتایج نشان داد که بالاترین میزان شاخص­های STI، MP، GMP و HM، در کشت اسفندماه، در هر دو شهرستان متعلق به رقم ردکارینا و در کشت مردادماه متعلق به رقم گیزاوان بود و شاخص­های SSI و TOL با توجه به پراکندگی نتایج، قدرت تشخیص کمتری در ارزیابی تحمل خشکی ارقام کینوا داشتند. تجزیه به مؤلفه­های اصلی نیز نشان داد که در کشت اسفندماه در هر دو مکان، رقم ردکارینا در راستای بردار عملکرد دانه در شرایط تنش و شاخص­های MP، GMP، STI و HM در ناحیه پتانسیل عملکرد و متحمل به تنش قرار گرفت. در کشت مردادماه در هر دو مکان، رقم گیزاوان در ناحیه حساس به تنش و در راستای بردارهای عملکرد دانه و شاخص­های MP، GMP، STI و HM قرار داشت که نشان­دهنده بالاتر بودن عملکرد این رقم در شرایط بدون تنش و تحمل آن‌ها در شرایط کمبود آب بود. در این مطالعه، رقم تیتیکاکا در راستای بردار SSI قرار گرفت که نشان­دهنده حساس بودن این رقم به تنش بود. به‌طورکلی در مردادماه، رقم گیزاوان و در اسفندماه رقم ردکارینا، متحمل­ترین ارقام نسبت به تنش خشکی بودند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

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