نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 دانشجو دکتری علوم باغبانی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد
2 استادیار بخش علوم باغبانی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد
3 دانشیار بخش علوم باغبانی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد
4 استاد بخش زراعت، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد
چکیده
فلفل شیرین از مناطق گرمسیری منشأ می‌گیرد و حساس به سرما است؛ بنابراین شناخت مکانیسم دفاعی گیاه فلفل در مقابل دمای کم ضروری است. در این مطالعه اثر محلول‌پاشی سالیسیلیک اسید و کود آلی ورمی کمپوست روی ارقام مختلف فلفل شیرین تحت تنش سرما موردبررسی قرار گرفت. آزمایش بهصورت اسپیلیت‌پلات فاکتوریل در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی در سه تکرار در سال زراعی 97- 1396 در محیط گلخانه‌ای واقع در مشهد اجرا شد. عامل اصلی تیمار دمایی در دو سطح {دماهای 2± 9 درجه سلسیوس (تنش سرما) و 2±23 درجه سلسیوس (شاهد)} و عامل فرعی شامل دو رقم فلفل شیرین {California wonder (سبز)، Roxcy (زرد)}، سالیسیلیک اسید (صفر-200-300 میکرومول) و ورمی کمپوست (20 درصد حجمی) بود. نتایج نشان داد که تنش سرما باعث تغییرات برخی خصوصیات فیزیولوژیک و کاهش عملکرد میوه گردید. حداکثر درصد ماده خشک (17.2%) و اسیدیته قابل تیتراسیون (13.6%) در تیمار عدم تنش سرمایی و مواد جامد محلول (03/5 بریکس)، کربوهیدرات‌ها (mg.g-1 174.5) و فعالیت آنتی‌اکسیدانی (90.3%) در تیمار تنش سرمایی حاصل گردید. بیشترین عملکرد میوه در بوته (740 گرم در بوته) در تیمار تأثیر متقابل عدم تنش سرمایی و محلول‌پاشی سالیسیلیک اسید μmol 300 به دست آمد. بیشترین مقدار فلاونوئید (mg.100g-1 FW 159.4) در تیمار سالیسیلیک اسید μmol 200 حاصل شد. همچنین بیشترین مقدار بتاکاروتن (mg kg-1 346.4)، لیکوپن (mg kg-1 152.9) و ویتامین ث (mg.100 g-1 142.52) در تیمار سالیسیلیک اسید μmol 300 مشاهده شد. با توجه به نتایج می‌توان اظهار داشت تنش‌های سرمایی تأثیرات نامطلوبی بر شاخص‌های کیفی و عملکرد فلفل شیرین در محیط گلخانه می‌گذارد و کاربرد محلول‌پاشی سالیسیلیک اسید در بعضی از صفات اثرات سوء تنش سرما را تعدیل کرد.
کلیدواژه‌ها
Abdelaal, K.A., EL-Maghraby, L.M., Elansary, H., Hafez, Y.M., Ibrahim, E.I., El-Banna, M., El-Esawi, M., Elkelish, A., 2020. Treatment of sweet pepper with stress tolerance-inducing Compounds Alleviates salinity stress oxidative damage by mediating the physio-biochemical activities and antioxidant systems. Agronomy. 10, 26. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10010026
Adeniyi, O.T., Akparobi, S.O., Ekanayake., I.J., 2004. Field studies on chlorophyll a fluorescence for low temperature tolerance testing of cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz). Food, Agriculture and Environment. 2, 166-170. https://hdl.handle.net/10568/96429
Ahmed, W., Imran, M., Yaseen, M., Haq, Tu., Jamshaid, M., Rukh, S., Ikram, R.M., Ali, M., Ali, A., Maqbool, M., Arif, M., Khan, M.A., 2020. Role of salicylic acid in regulating ethylene and physiological characteristics for alleviating salinity stress on germination, growth and yield of sweet pepper. PeerJ 8, e8475. https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.8475
Aminifard, M., Bayat, H., 2016. Effect of vermicompost on fruit yield and quality of bell pepper. International Journal of Horticultural Science and Technology. 3(2), 221-229. https://doi.org/10.22059/ijhst.2017.209130.129
Chinsamy, M., Kulkarni, M.G., Van Staden, J.,2014. Vermicompost leachate reduces temperature and water stress effects in tomato seedlings. Hortscience 49, 1183–1187. https://doi.org/10.21273/HORTSCI.49.9.1183
El-Yazied, A., 2011. Effect of foliar application of salicylic acid and chelated zinc on growth and productivity of sweet pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) under autumn planting. Research Journal of Agriculture and Biological Sciences. 7, 423-433.
Fung, R.W.M., Wang, C.Y., Smith, D.L., Gross, K.C., Tian, M., 2004. MeSA and MeJA increase steady-state transcript levels of alternative oxidase and resistance against chilling injury in sweet peppers (Capsicum annuum L.). Plant Science. 166, 711–719. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.plantsci.2003.11.009
Gharib, F. A., 2006. Effect of salicylic acid on the growth, metabolic activities and oil content of basil and marjoram. International Journal of Agriculture and Biology. 4, 485-492
Gine-Bordonaba, J., Terry, L.A., 2016. Effect of deficit irrigation and methyl jasmonate application on the composition of strawberry (Fragaria X ananassa) fruit and leaves. Scientia Horticulturae. 199, 63-70. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2015.12.026
Hara, M., Furukawa, J., Sato, A., Mizoguchi, T., Miura, K., 2012. Abiotic stress and role of salicylic acid in plants. In Parvaiza, A., Prasad, M.N.V. (eds.), Abiotic Stress Responses in Plants. Springer, New York. Pp. 235–251.
Hoagland, D.R., Arnon, D.S., 1950. The water culture method for growing plants without soil. California Agriculture Expriment. Statation publications. Circular 374. 32p.
Jaleel, C.A., Manivannan, P., Kishorekumar, A., Sankar, B., Gopi, R., Somasundaram, R., Panneerselvam, R., 2007. Alterations in osmoregulation, antioxidant enzymes and indole alkaloid levels in Catharanthus roseus exposed to water deficit. Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces. 59, 150-157. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfb.2007.05.001
Jieun, S., Gibum, Y., Jeong, G.L., Jeong H.C., Eun, J.L., 2020. Seed browning in pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) fruit during cold storage is inhibited by methyl jasmonate or induced by methyl salicylate. Postharvest Biology and Technology. 166, 111210. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.postharvbio.2020.111210
Kabiri R., Nasibi F., Farahbakhsh H., 2014. Effect of exogenous salicylic acid on some physiological parameters and alleviation of drought stress in Nigella sativa plant under hydroponic culture. Plant Protection Science. 50, 43–51. https://doi.org/10.17221/56/2012-PPS
Kai, H., Iba, K., 2014. Temperature Stress in Plants. In eLS, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470015902.a0001320.pub2
Kamaei, R., Faramarzi, F., Parsa, M., Jahan, M., 2019. The effects of biological, chemical, and organic fertilizers application on root growth features and grain yield of Sorghum, Journal of Plant Nutrition, 42, 2221-2233, https://doi.org/10.1080/01904167.2019.1648667
Keshavarz, H., Modarres Sanavy, S.A.M., 2014. Effect of salicylic acid on chlorophyll, some growth characteristics and yield of two canola varieties. Journal of Crop Production. (In Press). [In Persian]. https://doi.org/10.22069/ejcp.2022.6095
Lim, C.S., Kang, S.M., Cho, J.L., Gross, K.C., 2009. Antioxidizing enzyme activities in chilling-sensitive and chilling-tolerant pepper fruit as affected by stage of ripeness and storage temperature. Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science. 134, 156–163. https://doi.org/10.21273/JASHS.134.1.156
Long, R.L., Walsh, K.B., Rogers, G., Midmore, D.M., 2004. Source Source-sink manipulation to 302 increase melon fruit biomass and soluble sugar content. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research. 55, 1241-1251. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar04157
Mahdavian, K., Kalantari, K.M., Ghorbanli, M., Torkzade, M., 2008. The effects of salicylic acid on pigment contents in ultraviolet radiation stressed pepper plants. Biologia Plantarum. 52, 170–172. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10535-008-0037-0
Mateos, R., Jiménez, A., Román, P., Romojaro, F., Bacarizo, S., Leterrier, M., Gómez, M., Sevilla, F., del Río, L., Corpas, F., Palma, J., 2013. Antioxidant systems from Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.): involvement in the response to temperature changes in ripe fruits. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 14, 9556-9580. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms14059556
Mostofi, Y., Najafi, F., 2005. Analytical Laboratory Methods in Horticultural Sciences. University of Tehran Publications. 136 p. [In Persian].
Myung-Min, H., Trick, H.N., Rajasheka, E.B., 2009. Secondary metabolism and antioxidant are involved in environmental adaptation and stress tolerance in lettuce. Journal of Plant Physiology 166, 180-191. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jplph.2008.04.015
Nagata, M., and Yamashita, I. 1992. Simple method for simultaneous determination of chlorophyll and carotenoids in tomato fruit. Journal of Japanese Society of Food Science and Technology, 39, 925-928. https://doi.org/10.3136/nskkk1962.39.925
Navita, G., Jaspreet, K., Jindal, S.K., Dhaliwal, M.S, Kanchan, P., 2016. Physiological and biochemical response to higher temperature stress in hot pepper (Capsicum annuum L.). Journal of Applied and Natural Science 8, 1133 – 1137. https://doi.org/10.31018/jans.v8i3.930
Naz, H., Aisha, N., Ashraf, M., 2016. Impact of ascorbic acid on growth and some physiological attributes of cucumber (Cucumis sativus) plants under water-deficit conditions. Pakistan Journal of Botany. 48, 877–883.
Ou, L.J., Wei, G., Zhang, Z.Q., Dai, X.Z., Zou, X.X. , 2015. Effects of low temperature and low irradiance on the physiological characteristics and related gene expression of different pepper species. Photosynthetica 53, 85–94. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11099-015-0084-7
Poirier, M., Lacointe, A., Ameglio, T., 2010. A semi-physiological model of cold hardening and dehardening in walnut stem. Tree Physiology, 30, 1555- 1569. https://doi.org/10.1093/treephys/tpq087
Saleem, M., Fariduddin, Q., Janda, T., 2020. Multifaceted role of salicylic acid in combating cold stress in plants: A review. J Plant Growth Regulation. 40, 464–485. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00344-020-10152-x
Salih, M., Ökkeş, A., Barbaros, N., Ebru M., 2016. Exogenous salicylic acid alleviates cold damage by regulating antioxidative system in two barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) cultivars, Frontiers in Life Science, 9, 99-109, https://doi.org/10.1080/21553769.2015.1115430
Sayyari, M., Ghanbari, F., 2013. Effect of acetyl salicylic acid on quality and chilling resistance of sweet pepper (Capsicum Annuum) at different storage temperatures. Acta Horticulturae. 1012, 559-568. https://doi.org/10.17660/ActaHortic.2013.1012.75
Shao, H.B., Chu, L.Y., Lu, Z.H., Kang, C.M., 2007. Primary antioxidant free radical scavenging and redox signaling pathways in higher plant cells. International Journal of Biological Sciences. 4, 8–14. https://doi.org/10.7150/ijbs.4.8
Shariatzadeh Bami, Sh. 2013. The effect of 24-epi-bracinolide on resistance to cold stress in eggplant (Solanum melongena L.). Master thesis. Faculty of Basic Sciences, Arak University. [In Persian].
Shinwari, A., Ahmad, I., Khan, I., Khattak, H., Azimi, A.S., 2018. Thermotolerance in tomato: acetyl salicylic acid affects growth and yield of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) under the agro-climatic condition of Islamabad, Pakistan. Advances in Agriculture and Environmental Science, 1, 102-107.
Singh, B., Usha, K., 2003. Salicylic acid induced physiological and biochemical changes in wheat seedlings under water stress. Plant Growth Regulation. 39, 137–141. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1022556103536
Soengas, P., Rodríguez, V.M., Velasco, P., Cartea, M.E., 2018. Effect of temperature stress on antioxidant defenses in Brassica oleracea. ACS Omega. 31(3), 5237-5243. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.8b00242
Srivastava, M. K., Dwivedi, U.N., 2000. Delayed ripening of banana fruit by salicylic acid. Plant Science, 158, 87-96. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0168-9452(00)00304-6c
Szepesi, A., Csiszar, J., Bajkan, S., Gemes, K., Horvath, F., Erdei, L., Deer, A.K., Simon, M.L., Tari, I., 2005. Role of salicylic acid pre-treatment on the acclimation of tomato plants to salt- and osmotic stress. Acta Biologica Szegediensis, 49, 123-125.
Taiz, L., Zeiger, E., 2006. Plant Physiology. 4th Edition. Sinauer Associates Inc. Sunderland, Massachusetts. USA. 456p.
Tirani, M.M., Nasibi, F., Kalantari, K.M., 2013. Interaction of salicylic acid and ethylene and their effects on some physiological and biochemical parameters in canola plants (Brassica napus L.). Photosynthetica. 51, 411–418. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11099-013-0041-2
Tounekti, T., Hernandezi, I., Munne-Bosch, S. 2013. Salicylic acid biosynthesis and role in modulating terpenoid and flavonoid metabolism in plant responses to abiotic stress, pp. 141-162. – In:42. Turkmen, N., Sari, F., and Velioglu, Y. S. 2005b. The effect of cooking methods on total phenolics and antioxidant activity of selected green vegetables. Food Chemistry, 93, 713718.
Tounekti, T., Hernández, I., Munné-Bosch, S., 2013. Salicylic acid biosynthesis and role in modulating terpenoid and flavonoid metabolism in plant responses to abiotic stress s. In: Hayat, S., Ahmad, A., Alyemeni, M. (eds.), Salicylic Acid. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-6428-6_8
Van Oosten, M.J., Pepe, O., De Pascale, S., Silletti, S., Maggio, A., 2017. The role of biostimulants and bioeffectors as alleviators of abiotic stress in crop plants. Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture. 4, 5. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40538-017-0089-5
Vogt, T., 2010. Phenylpropanoid biosyntesis. Molecular Plant. 3, 2-20.
Yemm, E.W., Willis, A. J., 1954. The Estimation of carbohydrate in the plant extract by anthrone reagent. Biochemical Journal. 57, 508-514. https://doi.org/10.1042/bj0570508
Yildırım, E., Dursun, A., 2009. Effect of foliar salicylic acid applications on plant growth and yield of tomato under greenhouse conditions. Acta Horticultural, 807, 395-400. https://doi.org/10.17660/ActaHortic.2009.807.56
Yoo, K.M., Lee, C., Lee, H., Moon, B.K., Lee, C.Y., 2008. Relative antioxidant and cytoprotective activities of common herbs. Food Chemistry. 106(3), 929-936. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2007.07.006
Zamaninejad, M., KhavariKhorasani, S., Jami Moeini, M., Heidarian, A. R., 2013. Effect of salicylic acid on morphological characteristics, yield and yield components of corn (Zea mays L.) under drought condition. European Journal of Experimental Biology. 3, 153- 161.
Zhang, R., Zhu, W., Cheng, G.X., Yu,Y., Li, Q., Haq, S., Said, F., Gong, Z.H., 2020. A novel gene, CaATHB-12, negatively regulates fruit carotenoid content under cold stress in Capsicum annuum. Food & Nutrition Research. Dec 28, 64. https://doi.org/10.29219/fnr.v64.3729
Zhu, J. K., 2001. Cell signaling under salt, water and cold stresses. Current Opinion in Plant Biology. 4, 401-406. https://doi.org/10.1016/s1369-5266(00)00192-8
)