نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه کشاورزی، واحد گرگان، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، گرگان، ایران

2 استادیار بخش تحقیقات زراعی و باغی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان گلستان، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، گرگان

چکیده

به منظور ارزیابی اثرات کم‌آبیاری بر عملکرد کمی وکیفی علوفه هیبرید های ذرت در شرایط آب و هوایی گرگان، آزمایشی به‌‌صورت کرت‌های خرد شده در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی در سه تکرار، در ایستگاه عراقی محله گرگان اجرا شد. عامل اصلی کم‌آبیاری در چهار سطح (100 ، 75 ، 50 و 25 درصد نیاز آبی) و عامل فرعی هیبریدهای ذرت در چهار سطح (SC703،SC704 ، ZP548،BK50 ) قرار گرفت. نتایج تجزیه واریانس نشان داد که عامل کم‌آبیاری بر روی همه صفات مورد بررسی معنی‌دار بود. همچنین اثر هیبریدهای مورد بررسی نیز بر روی همه صفات مورد بررسی به‌جز از صفات الیاف نامحلول در شوینده اسیدی و کربوهیدرات‌های محلول در آب معنی‌دار بود. همچنین برهمکنش کم‌آبیاری × هیبرید فقط بر صفات علوفه (بیوماس‌کل، وزن تر بلال، وزن تر ساقه و برگ و وزن خشک کل) معنی‌دار بود. نتایج مقایسه میانگین‌ها نشان داد که بیشترین عملکرد بیوماس در تیمار 100 درصد نیاز آبی مشاهده شد که با تیمار‌های 75، 50 و 25 درصد آبیاری به ترتیب 7.2، 49 و 79.7 درصد اختلاف داشت با این‌حال بیشترین بهره‌وری مصرف آب با اختلاف معنی دار نسبت به سایر سطوح در تیمار 75 درصد نیاز آبی (5.99 کیلوگرم بر متر مکعب) مشاهده شد. همچنین با افزایش سطوح کم‌آبیاری میزان پروتئین خام،فیبر خام، کربوهیدرات های محلول در آب و الیاف نامحلول در محیط خنثی بطور معنی داری افزایش یافت و در بین هیبریدهای مورد بررسی هیبرید SC703 بالاترین میزان عملکرد علوفه (43692.4 کیلوگرم در هکتار) را داشت. به‌طور کلی با توجه به کمبود منابع آب و به منظور استفاده بهینه از آن جهت مصرف علوفه در شرایط آب و هوایی گرگان آبیاری بر اساس 75 درصد نیاز آبی و کشت هیبرید SC703 توصیه می‌گردد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

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