نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 دانشجوی دکتری بیوتکنولوژی کشاورزی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد
2 عضو هیئت‌علمی گروه بیوتکنولوژی و به نژادی گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد
3 عضو هیئت‌علمی گروه پژوهشی بیوتکنولوژی گیاهان زینتی، جهاد دانشگاهی مشهد
چکیده
به منظور بررسی اثر تنش خشکی بر برخی از صفات مورفولوژیک و فیزیولوژیک گیاه جو به عنوان یکی از محصولات مهم، سطوح مختلف تنش خشکی شامل 100 درصد ظرفیت زراعی (شاهد یا بدون تنش)، 80، 60 و 40 درصد ظرفیت زراعی و تاثیر آن‌ها بر دو رقم جوی نیمه حساس (فجر 30) و متحمل به خشکی (دشت) در شرایط کنترل شده گلخانه مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. نتایج این آزمایش نشان داد که اثر رقم و تنش خشکی برای بسیاری از صفات مورد بررسی معنی‌دار بود. بطوری که بیشترین ارتفاع بوته، قطر ساقه، تعداد برگ و پنجه و شاخص سطح برگ در بوته‌های بدون تنش (100 درصد ظرفیت زراعی) نسبت به سایر سطوح تنش معنی‌دار بود. همچنین مقایسه دو رقم نشان داد که رقم دشت به عنوان رقم متحمل به خشکی، تعداد برگ و پنجه بیشتر اما سطح برگ و تعداد روزنه کمتری نسبت به رقم نیمه‌حساس فجر 30 دارد. به عبارت دیگر تحت شرایط تنش، رقم متحمل با وجود داشتن تعداد برگ بیشتر، برگ‌های کوچکتری تولید می‌کند که نهایتا باعث کمتر شدن سطح برگ نسبت به رقم نیمه‌حساس (فجر 30) می‌شود که این می‌تواند به عنوان یک راهکار مناسب جهت مقاومت به خشکی از طریق کاهش تلفات تبخیر از سطح برگ و همچنین سایه‌اندازی باشد. علاوه بر این میزان تنظیم کننده‌های اسمزی از جمله پرولین و قندهای محلول و فعالیت آنزیم‌های آنتی‌اکسیدانی از جمله کاتالاز و پراکسیداز تحت تنش خشکی افزایش یافت و این افزایش در رقم متحمل نسبت به رقم نیمه‌حساس بیشتر بود. در واقع این طور به نظر می‌رسد که ارقام متحمل با فعال کردن سیستم دفاعی خود از طریق تولید مواد محافظت کننده اسمزی و افزایش فعالیت آنزیم‌های فوق باعث تحمل به تنش خشکی می‌شوند. بطور کلی، هر دو رقم جو به تنش خشکی پاسخ دادند اما رقم دشت در این شرایط تحمل بیشتری را نشان داد.
کلیدواژه‌ها
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