نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری زراعت، گروه مهندسی تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشگاه بیرجند

2 دانشیار گروه مهندسی تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشگاه بیرجند

3 گروه پژوهشی گیاه و تنش‌های محیطی، دانشگاه بیرجند

4 استاد گروه مهندسی تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشگاه بیرجند

چکیده

خارشتر (Alhagi camelorum Fisch) گیاهی از خانواده بقولات با خواص دارویی و قابلیت تولید علوفه است. به‌منظور بررسی تأثیر شوری آب آبیاری، تراکم و اکوتیپ بر غلظت عناصر معدنی اندام هوایی و ریشه خارشتر پژوهشی در دو منطقه، مزرعه دانشکده کشاورزی بیرجند و حجت‌آباد سربیشه در سال 1399، به‌صورت اسپلیت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح بلوک­های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار انجام شد. سطوح شوری شامل 3.5، 7.5 و 12 دسی­زیمنس بر متر به‌عنوان کرت‌های اصلی و سطوح تراکم (10 و 20 بوته در مترمربع) و اکوتیپ (کرند و وشمگیر) به‌عنوان کرت­های فرعی به‌صورت فاکتوریل در نظر گرفته شدند. اعمال حداکثر شوری آب آبیاری در مقایسه با شاهد، عملکرد علوفه ­تر را در بیرجند از 2756 به 1868 و در سربیشه از 2425 به 1931 کیلوگرم در هکتار کاهش داد. همچنین شوری سبب افزایش معنی ­دار سدیم اندام هوایی در سربیشه از 1.39 به 2.68 درصد و سدیم ریشه در بیرجند از 0.126 به 0.159 درصد و کاهش معنی­ دار پتاسیم ریشه در سربیشه از 3.94 به 1.78 درصد گردید. با افزایش تراکم منیزیم اندام هوایی در بیرجند از 0.023 به 0.016 و در سربیشه از 0.028 به 0.020 درصد کاهش یافت. همچنین منیزیم ریشه در بیرجند به‌طور معنی ­داری (از 0.015 به 0.011) و پتاسیم ریشه در سربیشه از 5.6 به 4.8 درصد کاهش یافت ولی سدیم اندام هوایی در هر دو مکان به‌طور معنی ­داری افزایش یافت. مقادیر منیزیم اندام هوایی خارشتر کمتر از حد مطلوب برای دام بود و کشت با تراکم 20 بوته در مترمربع این مشکل را تشدید نمود. اکوتیپ کرند در سربیشه پتاسیم کمتری نسبت به اکوتیپ وشمگیر داشت بنابراین کیفیت علوفه بالاتری داشت. علوفه تولیدی در سربیشه نسبت به بیرجند پتاسیم کمتری داشت. با توجه به وسعت اراضی شور کشور، توسعه کشت خارشتر می‌تواند به رونق تولید علوفه کمک مؤثری نماید.

کلیدواژه‌ها

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