نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکترای اصلاح نباتات، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد ایلام، ایلام، ایران

2 دانشیار موسسه تحقیقات جنگل‌ها و مراتع کشور، تهران، ایران

3 دانشیار گروه زراعت، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد ایلام، ایلام، ایران

4 استادیار مرکز تحقیقات جهاد کشاورزی شهرستان ایلام، ایلام، ایران

چکیده

این پژوهش با هدف تعیین عملکرد کمی و کیفی و تحمل خشکی لاین‌های گندم نان در شرایط دیم و آبی در طول 3 سال زراعی (98-1395) در ایستگاه تحقیقات کشاورزی سرابله واقع در استان ایلام اجرا شد. بررسی به‌صورت دو آزمایش مستقل هر یک در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار انجام شد. در این بررسی 20 لاین گندم در دو مکان آبی و دیم به­صورت جداگانه کاشت شدند. در شرایط آبی، آبیاری بر اساس نیاز گیاه (بدون تنش) به مقدار 4 هزار مترمکعب و به تعداد 6 مرتبه انجام شد و در آزمایش دیگر فقط به‌ نزولات جوی اکتفا گردید. در این بررسی مقاومت به خشکی و صفات مؤثر بر آن در لاین‌های مختلف گندم نان و عملکرد کمی و کیفی مورداندازه‌گیری قرار گرفت. نتایج نشان داد که بیشترین عملکرد دانه در محیط کاشت آبی مربوط به ‌لاین SUP152 به مقدار 3245 کیلوگرم در هکتار بود که تفاوت آماری معناداری با لاین­ WHEAR که رده دوم قرار گرفت، نداشت. لاین MILAN/SHA7 نیز، در رده سوم قرار داشت. این 3 لاین از نظر اجزای عملکرد نیز مقادیر بالایی داشتند. بیشترین عملکرد دانه در محیط کاشت دیم مربوط به ‌لاین ­PBW343 به مقدار 2051 کیلوگرم در هکتار حاصل شد. کمترین عملکرد دانه در محیط دیم مربوط به ‌لاین PAURAQ به مقدار 1457 کیلوگرم در هکتار بود. لاین PBW343 در محیط کاشت دیم از نظر اجزای عملکرد جزو بهترین لاین‌ها بود. بررسی پراکنش لاین‌ها بر اساس YS، YP و شاخص­های MP و GMP نشان داد که لاین‌های WHEAR، MILAN، CHIBIA//PRLII، PBW343 و SOKOLL3 در گروه A قرارگرفته و مقاوم به‌ تنش خشکی بوده و عملکرد دانه بالایی در هر دو محیط داشتند و به‌عنوان لاین‌های برتر برای هر دو محیط دیم و آبی انتخاب شدند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

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