نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 دانش‌آموخته کارشناسی ارشد زراعت، گروه تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشکده علوم و مهندسی کشاورزی، پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه رازی، کرمانشاه
2 دانشیار، گروه تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشکده علوم و مهندسی کشاورزی، پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه رازی، کرمانشاه
3 استاد، گروه مهندسی آب، دانشکده کشاورزی، پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه رازی، کرمانشاه
چکیده
استویا گیاهی چندساله با برگ های شیرین که حدود 300 بار شیرینتر از ساکارز (شکر) بوده و امروزه در نقاط زیادی در دنیا کشت میگردد. تنش خشکی و کمبود نیتروژن از مهمترین تنشهای محیطی محدودکننده تولید این گیاه بوده و اثرات نامطلوبی بر رشد و نمو گیاه و سایر فرآیندهای متابولیکی دارد. ازاین‌رو، به‌منظور بررسی اثر تنش خشکی و کود نیتروژن بر رشد و عملکرد استویا، آزمایشی به‌صورت فاکتوریل و در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی در سه تکرار در پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه رازی، در سال 1395 اجرا گردید. فاکتورها شامل تنش خشکی (بدون تنش، تنش ملایم و تنش شدید) و کود نیتروژن (0، 50، 100، 150 و 200 کیلوگرم در هکتار) بودند. زمان آبیاری برای بدون تنش، تنش ملایم و شدید به ترتیب 50، 65 و 80 درصد تخلیه رطوبت قابل‌استفاده در خاک بودند. نتایج نشان داد که تنش خشکی و میزان نیتروژن بر صفات زیست‌توده، ماده خشک برگ، ماده خشک ساقه، کلروفیلهای a، b و کارتنوئیدها، محتوای نسبی آب برگ، کارایی مصرف آب، قندهای محلول، پرولین و آنزیم های سوپراکسید دیسموتاز، پراکسیداز و کاتالاز اثر معنی داری داشتند. بیشترین ماده خشک برگ در تیمار بدون تنش خشکی و مصرف 200 کیلوگرم نیتروژن در هکتار در چین اول و چین دوم به ترتیب 20.4 و 17.1 گرم در بوته و کمترین مقدار ماده خشک برگ در تیمار تنش شدید و مصرف 200 کیلوگرم نیتروژن در چین اول و دوم به ترتیب 6.81 و 5.86 گرم در بوته به دست آمد. به‌طورکلی نتایج نشان داد که تولید برگ استویا در شرایط آب و هوایی کرمانشاه با مصرف آب زیاد امکان‌پذیر بوده و در شرایط تنش خشکی در چین اول و چین دوم به ترتیب 66.6 و 66.3 درصد نسبت به شاهد کاهش نشان دادند.
کلیدواژه‌ها
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