نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 دانشجوی دکتری کشاورزی هسته‌ای و بیوتکنولوژی گیاهی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان
2 دانشیار گروه اصلاح نباتات و بیوتکنولوژی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان
3 محقق پسادکتری، گروه علوم زیستی و بیوتکنولوژی، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی تهران
چکیده
گندم یکی از مهم‌ترین غلات جهان بوده و میزان تولید آن در مناطق مختلف تحت تاثیر خشکی کاهش می‌یابد. موتانت T65-58-8 یک ژنوتیپ متحمل به خشکی می‌باشد که با پرتودهی به گندم طبسی ایجاد شده است. در این تحقیق در مرحله گلدهی به مطالعه آنزیم‌های دخیل در مکانیسم‌های تحمل به خسارت اکسیداتیو ناشی در برگ پرچم پرداخته شده و بیان ژن‌های مرتبط با این آنزیم‌ها نیز با استفاده از روش RNAseq بررسی شد. مقدار تنش خشکی بر اساس ظرفیت زراعی اعمال گردید. بررسی شاخص‌های سوپر اکسید دیسموتاز (SOD)، کاتالاز (CAT)، گلوتاتیون ردوکتاز (GR) و گلوتاتیون پراکسیداز (GPX) نشان داد در سطح احتمال یک درصد تفاوت معنی‌دار وجود دارد. با افزایش تنش خشکی، میزان فعالیت آنزیم سوپر اکسید دیسموتاز و کاتالاز در هر دو ژنوتیپ افزایش یافته است و این افزایش در ژنوتیپ موتانت بیشتر از والد طبسی بود. بررسی 21 ژن مرتبط با آنزیم سوپر اکسید دیسموتاز نشان داد که بیان یک ژن FSD3، دو ژن CSD1، دو ژن FSD2 و یک ژن CCS در ژنوتیپ موتانت در شرایط تنش خشکی نسبت به شاهد تغییر بیان معنی‌داری داشتند. از 14 ژن مرتبط با کاتالاز، 3 ژن با نام CAT1 و 3 ژن با نام CAT2 در ژنوتیپ موتانت در شرایط تنش خشکی نسبت به شاهد افزایش معنی‌داری داشته‌اند. یک ژن CAT1 و دو ژن CAT2 در ژنوتیپ موتانت در شرایط خشکی دارای بیان بیشتری نسبت به ژنوتیپ والد طبسی بود. افزایش تنش خشکی باعث افزایش میزان فعالیت آنزیم‌های گلوتاتیون ردوکتاز و گلوتاتیون پراکسیداز شده و فعالیت این آنزیم‌ها در ژنوتیپ والد بیشتر از ژنوتیپ موتانت بود. از 16 ژن مرتبط با گلوتاتیون پر اکسیداز تعداد 7 ژن با نام CSA در ژنوتیپ موتانت در شرایط تنش خشکی نسبت به شاهد افزایش معنی‌داری داشتند. فعالیت آنزیم‌های SOD، CAT و GPX می‌تواند تحت تاثیر عوامل و ترکیبات شیمیایی مهار یا تشدید شود.
کلیدواژه‌ها
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