نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکترای فیزیولوژی گیاهان زراعی، گروه مهندسی تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی

2 استاد، گروه مهندسی تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی

3 استاد، گروه مهندسی تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی خوزستان

4 دکترای فیزیولوژی گیاهان زراعی، گروه مهندسی تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشگاه ارومیه

چکیده

به منظور بررسی اثر کودهای زیستی و نانوسیلیکون بر جذب فسفر، عملکرد دانه و برخی صفات فیزیولوژیکی گندم در شرایط قطع آبیاری، آزمایشی به‌صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح پایه بلوک کامل تصادفی در مزرعه پژوهشی دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی در سال زراعی 98-1397 اجرا شد. فاکتورهای آزمایشی شامل آبیاری در سه سطح (آبیاری کامل به‌عنوان شاهد، محدودیت ملایم آبی یا قطع آبیاری در 50% مرحله سنبله‌دهی و محدودیت شدید آبی یا قطع آبیاری در 50% مرحله آبستنی)، محلول-پاشی با نانوسیلیکون در سه سطح (شاهد، 30 و60 میلی‌گرم در لیتر) و کودهای زیستی در چهار سطح (عدم کاربرد، کاربرد قارچ مایکوریزا، کاربرد فلاوباکتریوم و سودوموناس، کاربرد توأم مایکوریزا با باکتری‌ها) بودند. نتایج نشان داد کاربرد کودهای زیستی و محلول‌پاشی60 میلی‌گرم در لیتر نانوسیلیکون در شرایط محدودیت شدید آبی، میزان نشت الکترولیت، هدایت الکتریکی، فلورسانس حداقل (به‌ترتیب 84.32، 49 و 49.52 درصد) افزایش و میزان فسفر ریشه و دانه (به ترتیب 30.67 و 36.05 درصد) نسبت به آبیاری کامل کاهش داد. بیشترین محتوای نسبی آب (26.92%)، هدایت روزنه‌ای (86.58 میلی‌مول بر مترمربع در ثانیه)، آنتوسیانین (0.0274 میکرومول برگرم وزن تر برگ)، فلورسانس حداکثر (860) و عملکرد کوانتومی (0.909) درکاربرد کودهای زیستی و محلول‌پاشی60 میلی‌گرم در لیتر نانوسیلیکون در شرایط آبیاری کامل بدست آمد. همچنین بیشترین عملکرد دانه (4593 کیلوگرم در هکتار) از کاربرد توأم کودهای زیستی و 30 میلی‌گرم در لیتر نانوسیلیکون در شرایط آبیاری کامل بدست آمد. براساس نتایج این بررسی، کاربرد کودهای زیستی و نانوسیلیکون می‌تواند عملکرد دانه گندم در شرایط محدودیت آبی را بواسطه بهبود صفات فیزیولوژیکی و جذب فسفر از خاک افزایش دهد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

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