نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری، گروه اصلاح نباتات و بیوتکنولوژی، دانشکده تولیدات گیاهی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان ، گرگان، ایران

2 دانشیار گروه اصلاح نباتات و بیوتکنولوژی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان، گرگان، ایران

3 استادیار گروه اصلاح نباتات و بیوتکنولوژی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان، گرگان، ایران

4 مؤسسه تحقیقات کشاورزی دیم کشور، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی کهگیلویه و بویراحمد، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، گچساران. ایران

5 استاد مؤسسه تحقیقات ژنتیک گیاهی و گیاهان زراعی لایبنیز آلمان

چکیده

تنش کم‌آبی یکی از مهم‌ترین تنش‌های محیطی است که باعث کاهش عملکرد گندم در بسیاری از نقاط جهان از جمله ایران می‌شود. به‌منظور ارزیابی تنوع ژنتیکی ژنوتیپ‌های گندم نان بهاره از نظر برخی صفات مورفولوژیک و عملکرد دانه، 100 ژنوتیپ گندم نان بهاره از نظر 16 صفت مورفولوژیک و عملکرد دانه در ایستگاه تحقیقات کشاورزی دیم گچساران در شرایط مزرعه در سال زراعی 1400-1399 مورد مطالعه قرار گرفتند. نتایج تجزیه واریانس تنوع بالا و معنی‌داری را در هر دو شرایط بدون تنش و تنش کم‌آبی نشان داد. ژنوتیپ 11 متحمل‌ترین ژنوتیپ با منشأ جغرافیایی کشور نپال و ژنوتیپ 47 واجد کمترین میزان STI نسبت به تنش کم‌آبی با منشأ جغرافیایی کشور چین بود. طول ریشک بیشترین درصد ضریب تنوع ژنوتیپی را در هر دو حالت تنش کم‌آبی (96.05) و بدون تنش (66.49) داشت. بالاترین میزان وراثت‌پذیری در هر دو شرایط محیطی بدون تنش و تنش کم‌آبی به ترتیب مربوط به صفات تعداد میان‌گره (99.72%) و تعداد برگ در ساقه (98.60%) بود. نتایج تجزیه خوشه‌ای ژنوتیپ‌های مورد مطالعه در هر دو شرایط محیطی را در شش گروه مجزا و متفاوت قرار دارد، به‌طوری که بیشترین تفاوت فاصله ژنتیکی و عملکرد دانه در هر دو شرایط محیطی بین خوشه اول و ششم مشاهده گردید؛ بنابراین می‌توان در برنامه‌های تلاقی و همچنین مطالعات ژنتیکی (نظیر جوامع نوترکیب و نقشه‌یابی ارتباطی) و نیز بالا بردن میزان هتروزیس از ژنوتیپ‌های اولین کلاستر با 1‌، 29، 28، 75، 52، 47، 2، 4، 10، 9، 14، 13، 36 و 35 پراکنش جغرافیایی نامنظم از چند کشور آمریکا، نپال، ایتالیا، چین، هند، پرتغال، انگلستان و افغانستان و آخرین کلاستر با ژنوتیپ‌های 71، 94، 99، 97، 100، 93، 95، 69 و 98 با پراکنش جغرافیایی اکثراً ایران بودند که می‌توان در شرایط تنش کم‌آبی استفاده نمود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

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