نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری فیزیولوژی گیاهان زراعی دانشگاه زنجان

2 استادیار گروه ژنتیک و تولید گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه زنجان

3 دانشیار گروه ژنتیک و تولید گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه زنجان

4 دانشیار گروه علوم خاک، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه زنجان

چکیده

خشکی یکی از مهم‌ترین تنش­های محیطی است که عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد گیاهان را به‌صورت چشمگیری تحت تأثیر قرار می­دهد. به‌منظور بررسی اثرات سطوح مختلف بیوچار معدنی و هورمون متیل جاسمونات بر رشد، عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد جو بهاره تحت سطوح مختلف تنش خشکی آزمایشی به‌صورت گلدانی به‌صورت فاکتوریل 3 عاملی در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی در 5 تکرار در سال زراعی 99-1398 در گلخانه تحقیقاتی دانشگاه زنجان انجام شد. فاکتورهای موردبررسی شامل سطح تنش خشکی در سه سطح شامل بدون تنش (در حد ظرفیت زراعی)، تنش متوسط (60 درصد ظرفیت زراعی) و تنش شدید (30 درصد ظرفیت زراعی)، کاربرد بیوچار قبل از کشت در سه سطح شامل بدون بیوچار (شاهد) و مقادیر 1.5 و 3 درصد وزن خاک و همچنین محلول‌پاشی متیل جاسمونات در مرحله گلدهی در سه سطح (0، 75 و 150 میکرومول بر لیتر) بود. شاخص‌های اندازه‌گیری شده شامل نشت الکترولیت، غلظت پرولین و رنگیزه‌های فتوسنتزی، کارایی مصرف آب و محتوای نسبی آب برگ و همچنین عملکرد اقتصادی بود. نتایج حاکی از اثر معنی‌دار تیمارهای اعمال‌شده بر اکثر این شاخص‌ها بود. تمامی شاخص‌های موردبررسی در این آزمایش ازجمله کارایی مصرف آب، محتوای نسبی آب برگ، پرولین، نشت الکترولیت، رنگیزه‌های فتوسنتزی و عملکرد تحت تأثیر منفی تنش خشکی قرار گرفتند. بیشترین عملکرد در شرایط آبیاری نرمال و تیمار 75 میکرومول بر لیتر متیل جاسمونات و 1.5 درصد وزن خاک بیوچار به دست آمد (0.37 گرم در بوته) و کمترین میزان عملکرد (0.19 گرم در بوته) در تنش خشکی 30 درصد ظرفیت زراعی و بدون محلول‌پاشی متیل جاسمونات ایجاد شد. به‌طور مشخص استفاده از مقادیر پایین بیوچار و متیل جاسمونات باعث بهبود وضعیت گیاهان تنش دیده هم در سطح تنش شدید و هم تنش ملایم نسبت به شاهد بدون تیمار شدند؛ اما افزایش سطح استفاده از این دو ماده اثر مثبت چندانی در گیاهان نداشت.

کلیدواژه‌ها

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