نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 استادیار گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشگاه پیام نور، ایران
2 دانش‌آموخته کارشناسی ارشد، گروه زراعت، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد دزفول، دزفول، ایران
چکیده
به‌منظور بررسی اثر تنش کم‌آبی بر برخی صفات فیزیولوژیکی، بیوشیمیایی و عملکرد سه رقم چاودار، آزمایشی به‌صورت کرت‌های یک‌بار خردشده در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی در سه تکرار در سال زراعی 94-1393 در منطقه دزفول اجرا گردید. کرت‌های اصلی متشکّل از سه سطح تیمار تنش کم‌آبی (آبیاری پس از 75، 100 و 150 میلی‌متر تبخیر از تشتک تبخیر کلاس A) و کرت‌های فرعی نیز شامل سه رقم چاودار (استراتوسکایا، دانکو، مونتانوم) بود. نتایج نشان داد که در ارقام مختلف چاودار تنش کم‌آبی نسبت به تیمار شاهد منجر به کاهش محتوای کلروفیل a (27 درصد)، کلروفیل b (32 درصد)، کارتنوئیدها (19 درصد)، پروتئین‌های محلول (71 درصد)، عملکرد کوانتومی فتوسیستم II (28 درصد)، عملکرد دانه (33 درصد) و در مقابل باعث افزایش مقادیر قندهای محلول (83 درصد) و میزان پرولین (145 درصد) گردید. برهمکنش تنش کم‌آبی و رقم نشان داد که از نظر عملکرد دانه، رقم دانکو در شرایط آبیاری پس از 75 میلی‌متر تبخیر و رقم استراتوسکایا در شرایط آبیاری پس از 150 میلی‌متر تبخیر از سطح تشتک تبخیر کلاسA با مقادیر 2414 و 1147 کیلوگرم در هکتار به ترتیب دارای بیشترین و کمترین عملکرد دانه بودند. این در حالی است که در شرایط آبیاری پس از 150 میلی‌متر تبخیر رقم مونتانوم به دلیل دوام فتوسنتزی بیشتر و تنظیم اسمزی بهتر نسبت به دو رقم دیگر، تحمل بیشتری در مقابل تنش کم‌آبی داشت و از عملکرد دانه بالاتری برخوردار بود.
کلیدواژه‌ها
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