نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد، گروه اگروتکنولوژی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد

2 استاد، گروه اگروتکنولوژی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد

3 استادیار، گروه اگروتکنولوژی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد

4 استادیار، پژوهشکده علوم گیاهی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد

5 دکتری فیزیولوژی گیاهان زراعی، گروه اگروتکنولوژی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد

چکیده

تامین نیاز آبی گیاه همراه با انتخاب تاریخ کاشت مناسب از مهم‌ترین اقدامات زراعی جهت کسب عملکرد مطلوب در گیاهان زراعی است. به منظور بررسی تاثیر سطوح کم‌آبیاری و تاریخ‌ کاشت بر شاخص‌های فیزیولوژیک و عملکرد کینوا، آزمایشی به‌صورت کرت‌های خردشده در قالب طرح بلوک‌های‌ کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در مزرعه تحقیقاتی دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد در سال 1399 اجرا شد. تاریخ کاشت (16 تیر، 2 مرداد و 16 مرداد) و رژیم‌های کم‌آبیاری (دور آبیاری 7، 14 و 21 روز) به ‌ترتیب عامل اصلی و فرعی در نظر گرفته شدند. نتایج نشان داد که با کاهش فراهمی آب، محتوای کلروفیل a، کلروفیل b و کاروتنوئیدها افزایش یافت. محتوای کربوهیدرات‌های محلول و فعالیت آنزیم‌های آسکوربات پراکسیداز و پراکسیداز به‌طور معنی‌داری تحت تاثیر برهمکنش تاریخ کاشت و آبیاری قرار گرفتند. بیشترین میزان آنزیم آسکوربات پراکسیداز در دور آبیاری 21 روز و تاریخ کاشت 16 مردادماه مشاهده شد. در تاریخ کاشت 2 مردادماه با افزایش دور آبیاری از 7 به 21 روز، محتوای پرولین برگ به‌طور معنی‌داری افزایش یافت. با کاهش فراهمی آب، عملکرد بیولوژیک کاهش یافت، به‌طوریکه، بیشترین عملکرد بیولوژیک در دور آبیاری 7 روز مشاهده شد، البته تفاوت معنی‌داری با دور آبیاری 14 روز نداشت. عملکرد دانه در شرایط دور آبیاری 21 روز در مقایسه با دور آبیاری 7 روز ، 25 درصد کاهش یافت. همچنین، بالاترین عملکرد دانه از تاریخ کاشت 16 مرداد ماه به دست آمد. براساس نتایج این پژوهش، تاریخ کاشت 16 مرداد ماه همراه با دور آبیاری 14 روز جهت دستیابی به عملکرد مطلوب کینوا همراه با کاهش مصرف آب در شرایط آب و هوایی مشهد پیشنهاد می‌شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

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