نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 دانشجوی دکتری، گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران
2 استاد، گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران
چکیده
به‌منظور مطالعه تأثیر شیوه‌های گوناگون خاکورزی و رژیمهای آبیاری بر عملکرد ذرت دانه ای (.Zea mays L) هیبرید ماکسیما، آزمایشی به‌صورت کرت‌های یک‌بار خردشده در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در مزرعه پژوهشی دانشگاه تهران واقع در کرج در سال 1395 اجرا شد. عامل اصلی در این آزمایش خاکورزی با دو سامانه خاکورزی (مرسوم و بدون خاکورزی) و عامل فرعی سه رژیم آبیاری (بدون تنش آبی، تنش آبی متوسط و تنش آبی شدید به ترتیب بر اساس 75، 110 و 150 میلیمتر تبخیر از سطح تشتک تبخیر کلاس A) در نظر گرفته شد. نتایج نشان داد اثر اصلی خاکورزی و برهم‌کنش خاکورزی و رژیمهای آبیاری بر هیچ‌کدام از صفات معنیدار نشد، ولی اثر اصلی رژیمهای آبیاری بر تمامی صفات معنیدار شد. بیشترین ارتفاع بوته، تعداد دانه در ردیف، وزن هزار دانه، وزن بلال، عملکرد دانه، عملکرد زیستی و شاخص برداشت از تیمار بدون تنش آبی و بیشترین کارایی مصرف آب از تیمار تنش آبی شدید حاصل شد. همچنین نتایج نشان داد تنش آبی شدید و متوسط نسبت به شرایط بدون تنش آبی به ترتیب موجب کاهش 40.2 و 16.85 درصدی از عملکرد دانه شد. ازآنجاکه شیوه خاکورزی بر هیچ‌کدام از صفات موردمطالعه تأثیر معنی داری نداشت، شیوه بدون خاکورزی به‌منظور بهبود خصوصیات خاک همراه با آبیاری ذرت بر اساس 75 میلی متر تبخیر از سطح تشتک تبخیر در شرایط اقلیمی مشابه پیشنهاد میگردد..
کلیدواژه‌ها
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