نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 دانشیار، گروه تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی، اردبیل
2 دانشجوی دکتری، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی، اردبیل
چکیده
کادمیوم یکی از آلاینده‌های مهم محیط‌زیست است که به‌عنوان یک نگرانی عمده زیست‌محیطی در سراسر جهان اثرات بازدارنده‌ای بر رشد گیاهان دارد. در این پژوهش تأثیر کادمیوم بر رنگیزههای فتوسنتزی، صفات فیزیولوژیکی و متابولیکی برگ گاوزبان اروپایی در شرایط هیدروپونیک موردبررسی قرار گرفت. گیاهچه‌های گاوزبان اروپایی در مرحله 7-6 برگی به محیط کشت هیدروپونیک حاوی غلظتهای مختلف کادمیوم (صفر، 81، 162، 243 و 324 میکرومولار) منتقل شدند و بعد از 12، 24، 48، 72 و 108 ساعت اعمال تنش، نمونه‌برداری و اندازه‌گیری صفات انجام گرفت. نتایج نشان داد میزان رنگیزههای فتوسنتزی، شاخص سبزینگی، فلورسانس کلروفیل و فعالیتهای متابولیکی برگ گیاه دارویی گاوزبان اروپایی به‌طور معنی‌داری تحت تأثیر تنش کادمیوم قرار گرفت. با افزایش غلظت کادمیوم و مدت‌زمان تیماردهی، میزان تجمع این عنصر در برگ‌های گاوزبان اروپایی افزایش یافت. تیمار کادمیوم باعث کاهش میزان کلروفیل a و b، کلروفیل کل، کارتنوئیدها در همه زمانهای نمونه‌برداری نسبت به تیمار شاهد گردید. حداکثر کارایی کوانتومی فتوسیستم II و شاخص سبزینگی نیز با افزایش غلظت کادمیوم و مدت‌زمان اعمال تنش کادمیوم، کاهش یافت به‌طوری‌که کمترین مقدار این صفات مربوط به 108 ساعت پس از اعمال تنش با 324 میکرومولار کادمیوم بود. با افزایش شدت تنش کادمیوم، میزان متابولیت‌های ثانویه شامل آنتوسیانین، فنل، فلاونوئید کل و میزان قندهای محلول در برگ‌ها افزایش یافت. بیشترین مقدار این متابولیت‌های ثانویه مربوط به 108 ساعت پس از تیمار با غلظت 324 میکرومولار کادمیوم بود. به‌طورکلی نتایج این تحقیق نشان داد که افزایش غلظت و مدت‌زمان اعمال تنش کادمیوم از طریق کاهش میزان رنگیزه‌ها فتوسنتزی و افزایش میزان فلورسانس کمینه کلروفیل بر فتوسنتز گیاه تأثیر منفی می‌گذارد و از طرف دیگر تجمع کادمیوم در برگ‌های گاوزبان اروپایی موجب افزایش میزان متابولیت‌های ثانویه در این گیاه می‌گردد.
کلیدواژه‌ها
موضوعات
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