نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 دانشجوی دکتری فیزیولوژی گیاهان زراعی، گروه زراعت، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی ورامین واحد پیشوا
2 استادیار گروه زراعت، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی ورامین واحد پیشوا
3 استاد گروه زراعت، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس تهران
چکیده
به‌منظور بررسی اثر پرایمینگ و محلول‌پاشی تنظیم کننده‌های رشد بر تغییرات مورفوفیزیولوژیکی و عملکرد دانه روغن گلرنگ پدیده تحت تنش کم آبی، آزمایشی در مزرعه تحقیقاتی دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه تربیت مدرس به‌صورت کشت پاییزه طی سال زراعی 97-1396 به‌صورت کرت‌های یک‌بار خرد شده بر پایه طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار اجرا شد. عوامل آزمایشی شامل سه سطح آبیاری (آبیاری کامل (قطع آبیاری تا تخلیه 25 درصد آب قابل استفاده)، کم آبیاری متوسط (قطع آبیاری تا تخلیه 45 درصد آب قابل استفاده)، کم آبیاری شدید (قطع آبیاری تا تخلیه 65 درصد آب قابل استفاده)) در مرحله گلدهی تا پایان دوره رشد در کرت‌های اصلی و پنج سطح پرایمینگ بذر و محلول‌پاشی بوته‌ها (آب خالص، جیبرلیک اسید، سالیسیلیک اسید، آسکوربیک اسید، هیومیک اسید) به همراه یک تیمار شاهد (بدون پرایمینگ و محلول‌پاشی) به عنوان کرت‌های فرعی در نظر گرفته شدند. نتایج نشان داد که با کاهش آبیاری تا سطح کم آبی شدید عملکرد و روغن دانه به ترتیب کاهش 41.31 و 43.46 درصدی و معنی‌داری (P<0.01) نسبت به آبیاری مطلوب داشت. همچنین با کاهش آب آبیاری تا سطح کم آبی متوسط، مقدار مالون دی آلدهید افزایش 15.92 درصدی و معنی‌داری نسبت به آبیاری مطلوب داشت. با پرایمینگ و محلول‌پاشی تنظیم کننده‌های رشد، ارتفاع، کلروفیل کل، عملکرد و روغن دانه افزایش و مالون دی‌آلدهید کاهش معنی‌داری (P<0.01) داشت. بر اساس نتایج کلی، تنش خشکی بر خصوصیات مورفولوژیکی و عملکرد و درصد روغن دانه گلرنگ تأثیر منفی داشت. با پرایمینگ توسط آب خالص هر چند صفات فیزیولوژیکی و عملکرد بهبود یافت اما تفاوت معنی‌داری با تیمار شاهد نداشت. محلول‌پاشی تنظیم کننده‌های رشد با افزایش مقدار کلروفیل کل و بهبود رشد نقش مهمی در افزایش عملکرد داشت.
کلیدواژه‌ها
موضوعات
Askari, M., Habibi, D., Naderi Brujerdi, G., 2012. Effect of vermicompost, plant growth, porpmiting rhizobacteria and humic acid on grieth factor of Mentha piperata L. in centaral provience. Journal of Agriculture and Plant Breeding. 4, 41-54.
Ahmadi, A., Mardeh, A.S., Poustini, K., Jahromi, M.E., 2007. Influence of osmo and hydropriming on seed germination and seedling growth in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars under different moisture and temperature conditions. Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences. 10, 4043-4049.
Ahmadizadeh, M., 2013. Physiological and agro-morphological response to drought stress. Middle-East Journal of Scientific Research. 13, 998-1009.
Aldesuquy, H.S., Abo-Hamed, S.A., Abbas, M.A., Elhakem, A.H., 2012. Role of glycine betaine and salicylic acid in improving growth vigour and physiological aspects of droughted wheat cultivars. Journal of Stress Physiology and Biochemistry. 8, 149-171.
Amini, H., Arzani, A., Bahrami, F., 2013. Seed yield and some physiological traits of safflower as affected by water deficit stress. International Journal of Plant Production. 7, 598-614
Arnon, A.N., 1967. Method of extraction of chlorophyll in the plants. Agronomy Journal. 23, 112-121.
Arslan, B., Culpan, E., 2017. Effects of different gibberellic acid doses on seed yield, oil content and some quality traits of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.). Journal of Global Innovations in Agricltureal and Social Sciences. 5, 5-9.
Arslan, Y., Hacioglu, B.T., 2018. Seed fatty acid compositions and chemotaxonomy of wild safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.). species in Turkey. Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry. 42, 45-54.
Asghari, M., Masoumi Zavariyan, A., Yousefi Rad, M., 2016. The effect of foliar application of ascorbic acid on yield components and physiologic character of sweet corn under different irrigation regims. Cereal Research. 6, 229-240. [In Persian with English Summary].
Ashraf, M., Foolad, M.R., 2005. Pre‐sowing seed treatment—A shotgun approach to improve germination, plant growth, and crop yield under saline and non‐saline conditions. Advances in agronomy. 88, 223-271.
Ashrafi, E., Razmjoo, J., 2014. Effect of seed hydropriming and irrigation regimes on grain, biological yield, harvest index, oil and protein content of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) cultivars. Agronomy Journal (Pajouhesh & Sazandegi). 103, 61-68. [In Persian with English Summary].
Bakry, B. A., El-Hariri, D. M., Sadak, M. S., El-Bassiouny, H. M. S., 2012. Drought stress mitigation by foliar application of salicylic acid in two linseed varieties grown under newly reclaimed sandy soil. Journal of Applied Sciences Research. 8, 3503-3514.
Barzegar, T., Moradi, P., Nikbakht, J., Ghahremani, Z., 2016. Physiological response of Okra cv. Kano to foliar application of putrescine and humic acid under water deficit stress. International Journal of Horticultural Science and Technology. 3, 187-197.
Bates, L.S., Waldren, R.P., Teare, I.D., 1973. Rapid determination of free proline for water-stress studies. Plant and Soil. 39, 205-207.
Chai, Q., Gan, Y., Zhao, C., Xu, H.L., Waskom, R.M., Niu, Y., Siddique, K.H., 2016. Regulated deficit irrigation for crop production under drought stress. A review. Agronomy for Sustainable Development. 36, 3.
Chavoushi, M., Najafi, F., Salimi, A., Angaji, S. A., 2020. Effect of salicylic acid and sodium nitroprusside on growth parameters, photosynthetic pigments and secondary metabolites of safflower under drought stress. Scientia Horticulturae. 259, 108823.
Eisvand, H.R., Tavakkol-Afshari, R., Sharifzadeh, F., Maddah Arefi, H., Hesamzadeh Hejazi, S.M., 2010. Effects of hormonal priming and drought stress on activity and isozyme profiles of antioxidant enzymes in deteriorated seed of tall wheatgrass (Agropyron elongatum Host). Seed Science and Technology. 38, 280-297.
Elhakem, A.H., 2019. Impact of salicylic acid application on growth, photosynthetic pigments and organic osmolytes response in Mentha arvensis under drought stress. Journal of Biological Sciences. 19, 372-380.
Fan, H. M., Li, T., Sun, X., Sun, X. Z., Zheng, C. S., 2015. Effects of humic acid derived from sediments on the postharvest vase life extension in cut chrysanthemum flowers. Postharvest Biology and Technology. 101, 82-87.
Fan, H.M., Wang, X.W., Sun, X., Li, Y.Y., Sun, X.Z., Zheng, C.S., 2014. Effects of humic acid derived from sediments on growth, photosynthesis and chloroplast ultrastructure in chrysanthemum. Scientia Horticulturae. 177, 118-123.
FAOSTAT, 2019. [online] available at: Faostat3.fao.org/compare/E
Hamim, H., Banon, S., Dorly, D., 2016. Comparison of physiological and anatomical changes of C3 (Oryza sativa L.) and C4 (Echinochloa crusgalli L.) leaves in response to drought stress. Earth and Environmental Science. 31, 1- 10.
Hassanein, R.A., Amin, A.A.E., Rashad, E.S.M., Ali, H., 2015. Effect of thiourea and salicylic acid on antioxidant defense of wheat plants under drought stress. International Journal of Chemistry Technology Research. 7, 346-354.
Heath, R.L., Packer, L., 1968. Photoperoxidation in isolated chloroplasts: I. Kinetics and stoichiometry of fatty acid peroxidation. Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics. 125, 189-198.
Iqbal, N., Nazar, R., Khan, M.I.R., Masood, A., Khan, N.A., 2011. Role of gibberellins in regulation of source–sink relations under optimal and limiting environmental conditions. Current Science. 100(7), 998-1007.
Izadpanah, M., Calagari, M., 2014. Effects of drought on osmotic adjustment, antioxidant enzymes and pigments in wild Achillea tinctoria populations. Ethno-Pharmaceutical Products. 1, 43-54.
Jabbari-Orange, Ebadi, A., 2012. Responses of phenological and physiological stages of spring safflower to complementary irrigation. African Journal of Biotechnology. 11, 2465-2471.
Jafarzadeh, L., Omidi, H., Bostani, A. A., 2013. Effect of drought stress and bio-fertilizer on flower yield, photosynthesis pigments and proline content of marigold (Calendula officinalis L.). Iranian Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants. 29, 666-680. [In Persian with English Summary].
Jan, A.U., Hadi, F., Akbar, F., Shah, A., 2019. Role of potassium, zinc and gibberellic acid in increasing drought stress tolerance in sunflower (helianthus annuus l.). Pakistan Journal of Botany. 51, 809-815.
Javed, S., Bukhari, S.A., Ashraf, M.Y., Mahmood, S., Iftikhar, T., 2014. Effect of salinity on growth, biochemical parameters and fatty acid composition in safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.). Pakistan Journal of Botany. 46, 1153-158.
Joshi, N.L., Mali, P.C., Saxena, A., 1998. Effect of nitrogen and sulphur application on yield and fatty acid composition of mustard (Brassica juncea L.) oil. Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science. 180, 59-63.
Kang, S.M., Radhakrishnan, R., Khan, A.L., Kim, M.J., Park, J.M., Kim, B.R., ..., Lee, I. J., 2014. Gibberellin secreting rhizobacterium, Pseudomonas putida H-2-3 modulates the hormonal and stress physiology of soybean to improve the plant growth under saline and drought conditions. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry. 84, 115-124.
Karimi, E., Tadayyon, A., 2018. Effect of humic acid spraying on yield and some morphological characteristic of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) under drought stress conditions. Applied Field Crops Research. 31, 19-38. [In Persian with English Summary].
Karimi, E., Tadayyon, A., Tadayyon, M.R., 2016. The effect of humic acid on some yield characteristics and leaf proline content of safflower under different irrigation regimes. Journal of Crops Improvement. 18, 609-623. [In Persian with English Summary].
Kaya, M.D., Okçu, G., Atak, M., Cıkılı, Y., Kolsarıcı, Ö., 2006. Seed treatments to overcome salt and drought stress during germination in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.). European Journal of Agronomy. 24, 291-295.
Laaniste, P., Joudu, J., Eremeev, V., Maeorg. E., 2008. Effect of sowing date and increasing sowing rates on plant density and yield of winter oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) under Nordic climate conditions. Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica Section B–Soil and Plant Science. 58, 330-335.
Lichthentaler, H.K., 1987. Chlorophyll and carotenoids-pigments of photosynthetic biomembranes. Methods in Enzymology. 148, 350-382,
Lotfi, R., Gharavi-Kouchebagh, P., Khoshvaghti, H., 2015. Biochemical and physiological responses of Brassica napus plants to humic acid under water stress. Russian Journal of Plant Physiology. 62, 480-486.
Malik, S., Ashraf, M., 2012. Exogenous application of ascorbic acid stimulates growth and photosynthesis of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under drought. Soil and Environment. 31, 72-77.
Miri, H. R. and Zamani moghadam, A. 2015. The effect of external usage of glycine betaine on corn (Zea Mays L.) in drought condition. Iranian Journal of Field Crops Research. 12, 704-717. [In Persian with English Summary].
Moghaddam, N.M., Arvin, M.J., Nezhad, G.K., Maghsoudi, K., 2011. Effect of salicylic acid on growth and forage and grain yield of maize under drought stress in field conditions. Seed and Plant Production Journal. 2-27, 41-55. [In Persian with English Summary].
Mohammadi, M., Ghassemi-Golezani, K., Chaichi, M.R., Safikhani, S., 2018. Seed oil accumulation and yield of safflower affected by Water supply and harvest time. Agronomy Journal. 110, 1-8.
Mohtashamii, F., Tadayon, M.R., Roshandel, P., 2020. Effect of deficit irrigation regimes and foliar application of jasmonic acid and ascorbic acid on some secondary metabolites, oil yield and grain yield of safflower genotypes. Iranian Journal of Field Crops Research. 17, 591-603. [In Persian with English Summary].
Murungu, F.S., Chiduza, C., Nyamugafata, P., Clark, L.J., Whalley, W.R., Finch-Savage, W.E., 2004. Effects of ‘on-farm seed priming’on consecutive daily sowing occasions on the emergence and growth of maize in semi-arid Zimbabwe. Field Crops Research. 89, 49-57.
Murungu, F.S., Nyamugafata, P., Chiduza, C., Clark, L.J., Whalley, W.R., 2003. Effects of seed priming, aggregate size and soil matric potential on emergence of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) and maize (Zea mays L.). Soil and Tillage Research. 74, 161-168.
Nardi, S., Pizzeghello, D., Muscolo, A., Vianello, A., 2002. Physiological effects of humic substances on higher plants. Soil Biology and Biochemistry. 34, 1527-1536.
Naz, H.I.R.A., Akram, N.A., Ashraf, M., 2016. Impact of ascorbic acid on growth and some physiological attributes of cucumber (Cucumis sativus) plants under water-deficit conditions. Pakistan Journal of Botany. 48, 877-883.
Nikbakht, A., Kafi, M., Babalar, M., Xia, Y.P., Luo, A., Etemadi, N. A., 2008. Effect of humic acid on plant growh, nutrient uptake, and postharvest life of gerbera. Journal of Plant Nutrition. 31, 2155-2167.
Rahimi, Z., Hosseinpanahi, F., Siosemardeh, A., 2019. Effects of drought stress on antioxidant enzymes activity and some physiological traits of drought resistant and susceptible cultivars of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Journal of Wheat Research. 2, 69-86. [In Persian with English Summary].
Rasti, E., Saffari, M., Maghsoudi Moud, A., 2015. The effects of organic and chemical fertilizers on yield and yield components of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) under water stress conditions. Irrigation and Water Engineering. 5, 69-80. [In Persian with English Summary].
Razmi, N., Ebadi, A., Daneshian, J., Jahanbakhsh, S., 2017. Salicylic acid induced changes on antioxidant capacity, pigments and grain yield of soybean genotypes in water deficit condition. Journal of Plant Interactions. 12, 457-464.
Santiago, A., Quintero, J.M., Carmona, E., Delgado, A., 2008. Humic substances increase the effectiveness of iron sulfate and vivianite preventing iron chlorosis in white lupin. Biology and Fertility of Soils. 44, 875-883.
Sarker, U., Oba, S., 2018. Drought stress enhances nutritional and bioactive compounds, phenolic acids and antioxidant capacity of Amaranthus leafy vegetable. BMC Plant Biology. 18, 258.
Shaddad, M.A.K., HM, A. E. S., Mostafa, D., 2013. Role of gibberellic acid (GA3) in improving salt stress tolerance of two wheat cultivars. International Journal of Plant Physiology Biochemistry. 5, 50-57.
Shahsavan Markadeh, M., Chamani, E., 2014. Effects of various concentrations and time of humic acid application on quantitative and qualitative characteristics of cut stock flower (Matthiola incana ‘Hanza’). Journal of Science and Technology of Greenhouse Culture-Isfahan University of Technology. 5, 157-171. [In Persian with English Summary].
Shir esmaeili, Gh.H., Maghsudi mood, A.A., Khajueinejad, Gh.R., Abdoshahi, R., 2018. Yield and oil percentage of safflower cultivars (Carthamus tinctorius L.) in spring and summer planting seasons affected by drought stress. Journal of Crop Ecophysiology. 12, 237-252. [In Persian with English Summary].
Sirousmehr, A., Bardel, J., Mohammadi, S., 2015. Changes of germination properties, photosynthetic pigments and antioxidant enzymes activity of safflower as affected by drought and salinity stresses. Journal of Crop Eciphysiology. 8, 517-534. [In Persian with English Summary].
Sure, S., Arooie, H. and Azizi, M. 2012. Influence of plant growth regulators (PGRs) and planting method on growth and yield in oil pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo var. styriaca). Notulae Scientia Biologicae. 4, 101-107.
Tadayyon, A., Beheshti, S., 2016. Effect of foliar applications of humic acid, iron and zinc on some characteristics of negro (Guizotia abyssinica L.). Journal of Crop Ecophysiology. 10, 283-296. [In Persian with English Summary].
Tayebi, A., Earahvash, F., Mirshekari, B., Tari-nejad, A., Yarnia, M., 2018. Effect of shoot application of Salicylic acid on some growth parameres and yield of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) under water stress. Journal of Plant Ecophysilogy. 9, 78-93. [In Persian with English Summary].
Vurukonda, S.S.K.P., Vardharajula, S., Shrivastava, M., SkZ, A., 2016. Enhancement of drought stress tolerance in crops by plant growth promoting rhizobacteria. Microbiological Research. 184, 13-24.
Zafari, S., Niknam, V., Musetti, R., Noorbakhsh, S.N., 2012. Effect of phytoplasma infection on metabolite content and antioxidant enzyme activity in lime (Citrus aurantifolia). Acta Physiologiae Plantarum. 34, 561-568.
Zarei, I., Mohammadi, G., Sohrabi, Y., Kahrizi, D., Khah, E.M., Yari, K., 2011. Effect of different hydropriming times on the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.). African Journal of Biotechnology. 10, 14844-14850
)