نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشیار بخش تحقیقات زراعی و باغی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان کرمانشاه، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرمانشاه

2 دانش‌آموخته کارشناسی ارشد گروه کشاورزی، دانشگاه پیام نور، تهران

3 دانشیار گروه کشاورزی، دانشگاه پیام نور، تهران

چکیده

مطالعه حاضر به‌منظور بررسی اثر تنش خشکی و تراکم بوته بر عملکرد و سایر خصوصیات زراعی توده محلی آفتابگردان آجیلی در قالب آزمایش کرت­های یک‌بار خردشده بر پایه طرح بلوک­های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در سال 1396 در مزرعه زارعین استان کرمانشاه اجرا شد. تنش خشکی به‌عنوان عامل اصلی در سه سطح بدون تنش، تنش متوسط و تنش شدید و فاصله بوته روی ردیف­های کشت 60 سانتی­متری به‌عنوان عامل فرعی شامل سه سطح 20، 40 و 60 سانتی­متر بود. نتایج تجزیه واریانس نشان داد تنش خشکی به‌طور معنی­داری باعث کاهش ارتفاع بوته، تعداد روز تا رسیدگی، قطر ساقه، تعداد دانه در طبق و عملکرد دانه و از طرف دیگر سبب افزایش تعداد روز تا گلدهی شد. تراکم بر همه صفات موردبررسی به‌جز ارتفاع بوته و تعداد برگ معنی­دار بود. با افزایش تراکم، قطر ساقه، قطر طبق، تعداد و وزن دانه در طبق و وزن هزار دانه کاهش و درصد پوکی و تعداد روز تا گلدهی افزایش یافت. مقایسه میانگین داده­ها نشان داد که تنش شدید باعث کاهش 5/39 درصدی عملکرد دانه نسبت به شرایط بدون تنش شد. نتایج نشان داد که کاهش فاصله بوته­ ها از هم به‌صورت خطی باعث افزایش عملکرد دانه نشد به‌طوری‌که عملکرد دانه در فاصله بوته 40 سانتی­متر با 4344 کیلوگرم در هکتار به ترتیب 21.2 و 16.6 درصد بیشتر از فاصله بوته 60 و 20 سانتی­متر بود. به‌طورکلی با توجه به نتایج به‌دست‌آمده در منطقه موردمطالعه می­توان فاصله بوته 40 سانتی­متر و تنش خشکی متوسط قبل از رسیدن به مرحله رشد زایشی را برای حصول عملکرد مناسب در آفتابگردان آجیلی توصیه کرد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

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