نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 دانشجوی کارشناسی، علوم باغبانی، دانشگاه زنجان. ایران
2 کارشناس مؤسسه تحقیقات ثبت و گواهی بذر و نهال استان زنجان
3 دانشجوی دکتری، تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشگاه زنجان. ایران
4 دانش آموخته دکتری، فیزیولوژی گیاهان زراعی
5 مدرس گروه علوم کشاورزی، دانشکده دختران شریعتی و باهنر پاکدشت، دانشگاه فنی و حرفه ای
چکیده
شوری به‌عنوان یکی از مهمترین تنش‌های غیرزنده سبب کاهش رشد، نمو و عملکرد گیاهان شده و کاربرد تنظیم کننده‌های رشد، یکی از راهکارهای مفید جهت کاهش اثرات نامطلوب تنش شوری در گیاهان می‌باشد. به‌منظور بررسی تأثیر محلول‌پاشی سیتوکینین بر صفات مورفوفیزیولوژیکی، عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد سیاه‌دانه، آزمایشی به‌صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با چهار تکرار در گلخانه اجرا گردید. فاکتورهای آزمایش شامل شوری در پنج سطح 0، 3، 6، 9 و 12 دسی زیمنس بر متر محلول‌پاشی سیتوکینین در سه غلظت صفر، 100 و 200 میکرومولار بود. نتایج تجزیه واریانس نشان داد که شوری بر تمام صفات مورد بررسی اثر معنی‌داری داشت. تنش شوری، نشت یونی و پرولین را افزایش و سایر صفات را کاهش داد. بیشترین عملکرد دانه با 2.24 گرم در بوته در تیمار شاهد و کمترین آن با 0.81 گرم در بوته در غلظت 12 دسی‌زیمنس شوری بدست آمد. سیتوکینین بر تمام صفات مورد بررسی به‌جز کلروفیل a، پرولین و تعداد کپسول در بوته اثر معنی‌داری داشت. محلول‌پاشی سیتوکینین سبب کاهش اثرات نامطلوب تنش شوری در گیاه سیاه‌دانه گردید و غلظت 100 میکرومولار نسبت به غلظت 200 میکرومولار سیتوکینین از کارایی بالاتری برخوردار بود. کمترین عملکرد دانه (1.51 گرم در بوته) در تیمار عدم کاربرد سیتوکینین و بیشترین عملکرد دانه (1.83 گرم در بوته) در غلظت 200 میکرومولار سیتوکینین مشاهده شد. محلول‌پاشی سیتوکینین روی تمام صفات موفوفیزیولوژیکی مورد مطالعه در شرایط تنش شوری اثر گذار بود. در شرایط تنش شوری، کاربرد سیتوکینین فقط بر تعداد دانه در کپسول اثرگذار بود و بر عملکرد و سایر صفات مرتبط با عملکرد اثر معنی‌داری نداشت. نتایج بدست آمده نشان داد که محلول‌پاشی سیتوکینین در شرایط تنش شوری ممکن است سبب بهبود برخی صفات شود ولی این امر به‌منزله افزایش قطعی عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد در شرایط تنش شوری نبوده و ممکن است تغییری در عملکرد دانه حاصل نشود.
کلیدواژه‌ها
موضوعات
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