نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری، گروه مهندسی تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه بیرجند

2 عضو هیئت‌علمی گروه مهندسی تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه بیرجند

3 گروه پژوهشی گیاه و تنش‌های محیطی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه بیرجند

چکیده

به‌منظور بررسی اثر کم‌آبیاری و زئولیت بر گیاه ذرت (Zea mays L.) در دو تاریخ کاشت اردیبهشت و تیرماه در سال 1396، آزمایشی به‌صورت فاکتوریل بر پایه‌ی طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی در سه تکرار در مزرعه‌ دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه بیرجند اجرا شد. فاکتورها شامل زئولیت در دو سطح (صفر و 10 تن در هکتار) و کم‌آبیاری در هشت سطح شامل: تأمین 100 درصد نیاز آبی در کل دوره رشد به روش رایج، 75 و 50 درصد نیاز آبی طی رشد رویشی به روش رایج، 75 و 50 درصد نیاز آبی در دوره‌ی رویشی به روش جویچه‌ای‌ یک‌درمیان ثابت، خشکی موضعی ریشه با 75 و 50 درصد نیاز آبی طی رشد رویشی به صورت جابه‌جایی جویچه‌های مرطوب در هر آبیاری، 75 درصد نیاز آبی در کل دوره رشد به روش جویچه‌ای‌ یک‌درمیان ثابت بود. تیمار شاهد آبیاری دارای بیشترین عملکرد ماده‌ی خشک، تعداد دانه در بلال، عملکرد دانه، شاخص برداشت و کارآیی مصرف آب بود و آبیاری رایج با 50 درصد نیاز آبی در دوره‌ی رویشی به ترتیب حدود 18، 29، 38، 26 و 19 درصد صفات فوق را کاهش داد. بیشترین کارآیی‌مصرف آب با 6/7 درصد افزایش نسبت به شاهد، در تاریخ کاشت دوم و تیمار آبیاری جویچه‌ای یک در میان ثابت بر اساس 75 درصد نیاز آبی در کل رشد، حاصل شد. به طورکلی نتایج نشان داد که تاریخ کاشت 12 تیرماه و کاربرد زئولیت اثر مطلوبی بر تمام صفات اندازه‌گیری شده داشت. عملکرد در کم‌آبیاری کاهش یافت اما با افزایش شاخص برداشت و کارآیی مصرف آب، آب مازاد ناشی از کم‌آبیاری می‌تواند صرف آبیاری اراضی بیشتر و افزایش تولید شود لذا استفاده از زئولیت به همراه تیمارهای جویچه‌ای یک در میان ثابت با 75 درصد نیاز آبی در دوره‌ی رویشی و کل رشد برای تاریخ کاشت دوم ذرت در منطقه‌ بیرجند توصیه می‌شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

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