نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی سابق کارشناسی ارشد زراعت پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه رازی کرمانشاه

2 دانشجوی دکتری فیزیولوژی گیاهان زراعی دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه مراغه

3 استادیار گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه رازی کرمانشاه

4 استادیار دانشکده علوم کشاورزی دانشگاه پیام نور کرج

چکیده

وقوع تنش خشکی در مرحله پر شدن دانه از ویژگی­ های بارز و غیرقابل‌اجتناب مناطق خشک و نیمه‌خشک است. این تحقیق به‌منظور بررسی اثر تنش کم ­آبی و نقش منابع جاری بر پر شدن دانه، فتوسنتز و تبادلات گازی انجام شد. آزمایش در سال زراعی 90-1389 در مزرعه تحقیقاتی دانشگاه رازی کرمانشاه با استفاده از طرح کرت­های خردشده بر پایه بلوک­های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار انجام شد. تیمار آبیاری در دو سطح شامل تیمار عدم تنش (آبیاری در تمام مراحل رشدی) و تنش کم­ آبی (قطع آبیاری پس از مرحله گرده‌افشانی) در کرت­های اصلی و ترکیب هشت رقم گندم بهار، پارسی، پیشتاز، پیشگام، چمران، زرین، سیوند، مرودشت و لاین DN-11همراه با تیمارهای محدودیت منابع فتوسنتزی بوته در پنج سطح شامل شاهد (بدون محدودیت منابع فتوسنتزی)، حذف برگ پرچم، حذف بقیه برگ‌ها به‌غیراز برگ پرچم، حذف ریشک­ها و سایه­ اندازی بر سنبله به‌صورت فاکتوریل در کرت‌های فرعی قرار گرفتند. نتایج نشان داد که تنش کم­ آبی پس از گرده­ افشانی عملکرد دانه را 22/2 درصد نسبت به شرایط کنترل کاهش داد و حذف منابع فتوسنتزی سبب کاهش عملکرد از طریق افت وزن دانه شد. در این شرایط سهم فتوسنتز سنبله در پر کردن دانه با 35/4 درصد بیشتر از نقش برگ پرچم و برگ­های زیری (به ترتیب 18/6 و 18/5 درصد) بود و ریشک­ها کمترین سهم را با 3/3 درصد در عملکرد دانه داشتند. طی تنش کم­ آبی، طول دوره پر شدن دانه کاهش یافت به‌طوری‌که از 35 روز در شرایط کنترل رطوبتی به 28 روز رسید ولی سبب افزایش سرعت پر شدن دانه شد. همچنین نتایج بیانگر افزایش سرعت فتوسنتز و تبادلات گازی در شرایط محدودیت منابع فتوسنتزی بود، این افزایش بیانگر نقش جبرانی سرعت فتوسنتز برگ­های باقی­مانده در جلوگیری از افت عملکرد است.

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