نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 دانشجوی دکتری، گروه علوم و مهندسی خاک، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز، اهواز
2 استاد گروه علوم و مهندسی خاک، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز، اهواز
3 دانشیار گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز، اهواز
چکیده
به منظور بررسی اثرات کاربرد نیتروژن و آبیاری با زهاب مزارع نیشکر بر عملکرد دانه و ویژگی های فیزیولوژیک و بیوشیمیایی گیاه کینوا (رقم گیزاوان) شامل محتوای نسبی آب برگ، شاخص کلروفیل، فعالیت آنزیم های کاتالاز، سوپراکسیددیسموتاز، غلظت پرولین و عملکرد دانه آزمایشی مزرعه‌ای در سال زراعی 98-1397 به صورت کرتهای خرد شده در قالب طرح بلوک های کامل تصادفی در سه تکرار اجرا گردید. در این آزمایش چهار سطح کود نیتروژن (صفر، 75، 150، 225 کیلوگرم در هکتار) از منبع کود اوره به عنوان فاکتور اصلی و سه سطح آب آبیاری شامل شاهد (آب کارون با میانگین شوری 2.5 دسی زیمنس بر متر) و آبیاری یک در میان (کارون – زهاب نیشکر) و آبیاری با زهاب نیشکر (با میانگین شوری 7.5 دسی زیمنس بر متر) به عنوان فاکتور فرعی در نظر گرفته شد. نتایج تحقیق نشان داد شوری باعث کاهش معنی دار محتوای نسبی آب برگ، شاخص کلروفیل، عملکرد دانه و عملکرد بیولوژیکی و افزایش معنی دار فعالیت آنزیم های آنتی اکسیدان و نیز مقدار پرولین گردید. اما نیتروژن باعث افزایش معنی دار این صفات شد. تیمار 150 کیلوگرم نیتروژن در هکتار همراه با آبیاری یک در میان باعث حداکثر مقدار شاخص کلروفیل (44.81) و عملکرد دانه (2546 کیلوگرم در هکتار) گردید و بیشترین عملکرد بیولوژیکی گیاه (7468 کیلوگرم در هکتار) در تیمار 225 کیلوگرم نیتروژن در هکتار و آبیاری یک در میان مشاهده شد. بیشترین مقدار پرولین مربوط به تیمار 225 کیلوگرم کود اوره در هکتار با آبیاری زهاب (0.95 میلی‌گرم بر گرم وزن تر گیاهی) بود. نتایج این مطالعه تائیدی است بر این فرضیه، که با مصرف کود نیتروژن کافی می توان تا حدی از بروز اثرات زیان بار شوری بر گیاه کم نمود.
کلیدواژه‌ها
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