نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری، گروه زراعت، واحد تبریز، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تبریز

2 عضو هیئت‌علمی، گروه زراعت، واحد تبریز، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تبریز

3 عضو هیئت‌علمی بخش تحقیقات زراعی و باغی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان اردبیل (مغان)، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، اردبیل

چکیده

این تحقیق با هدف بررسی اثر تاریخ و عمق کاشت بر برخی صفات کیفی، عملکرد غده و کارایی مصرف آب ارقام سیب­زمینی در کشت پاییزه و بهاره منطقه معتدله سردسیر در مزرعه ایستگاه تحقیقات کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی آراللوی منطقه اردبیل به مدت 2 سال اجرا شد. آزمایش به‌صورت اسپلیت فاکتوریل بر پایه طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی در سه تکرار تاریخ کاشت در سه سطح (10 آبان، 10 آذر و 10 اردیبهشت) به‌عنوان عامل اصلی و ترکیب فاکتوریل چهار رقم سیب‌زمینی (اسپریت، مارفونا، ساوالان و آگریا) و چهار عمق کاشت (10، 15، 20 و 25 سانتی‌متر) به‌عنوان عامل فرعی در نظر گرفته شد. نتایج تجزیه واریانس صفات مورد ارزیابی نشان داد اثر ساده تاریخ کاشت (عملکرد غده و کارایی مصرف آب) و اثر ساده عمق کاشت (مقدار نیتروژن، درصد فیبر و قندهای محلول) در سطح احتمال 5 و 1 درصد دارای اختلاف آماری معنی­دار بودند. ازنظر اثر چهارجانبه صفات (درصد ماده خشک و قندهای محلول) دارای اختلاف معنی­داری بودند. کارایی مصرف آب در کاشت آبان و آذرماه در عمق­های 10،15 و 25 با رقم اسپریت با کارایی مصرف آب 6 (kg/m3) بیشتر بود. بیشترین مقدار عملکرد غده در رقم مارفونا در اردیبهشت در چهار عمق کاشت (10، 15، 20 و 25 سانتی­متر) به ترتیب (35.86، 32.39، 27.45 و 25.02 تن در هکتار) بود. رابطه عملکرد غده با صفات درصد نشاسته غده و درصد فیبر غده منفی و معنی‌دار و با درصد ماده خشک غده مثبت و معنی‌دار بود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

 
Ahmadvand, R., Hassanabadi, H., 2006. Evaluation of promising potato clones in terms of resistance levels the major virus diseases. Research Reports, Seed and Plant Improvement Institute. Karaj. Iran. 68 p. [In Persian].
Alimohammadi, R., Imani, A., Rezaei, A., 2003. Effect of planting density and depth on growth and tuber yield of potato cultivar Diamant in Mianeh. Seed and Plant Journal. 19, 75-58. https://doi.org/10.22092/spij.2017.110940 [In Persian with English summary].
Darabi, A.S., 2007. Effects of autumn and winter planting and temperature stress on total yield, marketable yield and yield components of some potato cultivars. Seed and Plant Improvment Journal. 23(3), 373-386. https://doi.org/10.22092/spij.2017.110736 [In Persian with English summary].
Eskandari, A., Khazaie, H.R., Nezami, A., Kafi, M., 2011. Study the effects of irrigation regimes on yield and some qualitative characteristics of three cultivars of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.). Journal of Water and Soil. 25, 240-247. [In Persian with English summary].
Ezaazimi, J.M., Svdar, M., Zsaefzadh, M. Haghjo, S.H., 2009. Different tillage and planting methods on yield of potato in the Irbil region. Proceedings of the Fifth National Congress of Agricultural Engineering and Mechanization Machine. 27-28 August, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran. [In Persian].
Gale, E., Kleinkof, T., Brandt L., Nora, O., 2003. Physiology of tuber bulking in potato. Idaho Potato Conference. 23 Jan. 2003. Idaho, USA.
Gumul, D., Ziobro, R., Noga, M., Sabat, R., 2011. Characterization of five potato cultivars according to their nutritional and pro-health components. Acta Scientiarum Polonorum. Technologia Alimentaria. 10(1), 73-81.
Hassanpanah, D., Nikisad, K., Hassani, M., 2009. Seed Potatoes. Ardabil Agricultural Jihad Organization. 193p. [In Persian].
Hassanpanah, D., 2016. The most suitable cultivars and planting depths   for autumn fallow cultivation potato in different regions of Ardebil province. Ardabil Agricultural Jihad Organization, Coordination of Promotion Affairs. Promotion magazine No. 115. Register number 45825 at Agricultural Science Information Center. [In Persian].
Hassanpanah, D., Hossienzaded, A., Allahyari, N., 2009. Evaluation of planting date effect on Savalan and Agria potato cultivars in Ardabil region. Journal of Food, Agriculture and Enviroment. 2, 525-528.
Herse, J., Kolpal, R., 1976. Effect of irrigation and high rates of mineral fertilizers on yield and nutritive value of potatoes. Zeszyty Problemowe Postępów Nauk Rolniczych. 181, 255-267. 
Islami, A., 2016. Irrigation water measurement tools in surface irrigation methods. Agricultural Research, Training and Extension Organization, Fars Province Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Training Center. Technical Journal, No. 44. 24 p. [In Persian].
Jefferies, R.A., MacKerron, D.K., 1993. Response of potato genotypes to drought. II. Leaf area index growth and yield. Ann. Appl. Biol. 122, 105-122.
Jefferies, R.A., MacKerron, D.K.L, 1993. Responses of potato genotypes to drought. II. Leaf area index, growth and yield. Annals of Applied Biology. 122, 105-112. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-7348.1993.tb04018.x
Kawakami, J., Iwama, K., Jitsuyama, Y., 2005. Effects of planting date on growth and yield of two potato cultivars from microtubers and conventional seed tubers. Plant Production Science. 8, 74-78.
Kazemi, M., Hassanabadi, H., Tavakoli, H., 2011. Potato Production Management. Nashr-e-Amozesh Keshavarzi. 156p. [In Persian].
Khandan, A., Mobzar, S., Moslemkhani, K., Hassan Abadi, H., 2011. National guidelines for determining the value of croP cultivars. Seed and Plant Registration and Certification Institute. 35p. [In Persian]
Khayatnezhad, M., Gholamin, R., 2011. Effects of planting depth and soiling time of the plant foot on the potato yield. African Journal of Agricultural Research. 16, 3804-3809.
Laei, G., Noryan, M., Afshari, H., 2012. Determination of the planting depth of potato seed tuber yield and yield components of two varieties agria and draga response curves seed. Annals of Biological Research, 12, 5521-5528.
Levy, D., 1985. The response of potatoes to a single transient heat or drouglit stress imposed at different stages of tuber growth. Potato Research. 28(3), 415-425.
Mazurrczyk, W., Lis, B., 2002. Variation of Chemical composition of tuber potato table cultivars under deficit and excess of water. Research Division of Jadwisin. Plant Breeding and Agricultural Institute (IHAR). Annual Report. 257p.
Mohammadi, A., Faeznia, F., 2001. Effect of water stress on growth and yield of two potato cultivars. Research Report of Semnan Agricultural Research Center. [In Persian].    
Mortazavibak, A., Aminpor, R., 2003. Effect of season and planting depth on commercial yield varieties of potatoes. Seed and Plant Journal. 4, 33-42. [In Persian with English summary].
Mostofi, Y., Najafi F., 2005. Laboratory Analytical Methods in Horticultural Sience. Tehran University Press, Tehran, Iran. [In Persian].
Narpinder, S., Jaspreet, S., Lovedeep, S., Navedee, P., Balmeet, S.G., 2003. Morphological, thermal and rheological properties of starches from different botanical sources. Food Chemistry, 8, 219-231.
Parvizi, Kh., Souri, J., Mahmoodi, R., 2011. Evaluation of cultivation date on yield and amount of tuber disorders of potato cultivars in Hamadan province. Journal of Horticultural Science 25, 82-93. [In Persian with English summary].
Pavek, M.J., Thornton, R.E., 2009. Planting depth influences potato plant morphology and economic value. American Journal of Potato Research. 86, 56-67.
Rezaei, A., Soltani, A., 2004. Potato Farming. Pubication of Mashhad University. [In Persian].
Semet, O., Mehmet, E., Derya, O., Sevgi, C., 2005. Different irrigation Methods and Water stress effects on potato yield and yield components. Agricultural Water Managment Journal. 37, 37-86.
Siddique, K.H.M., Tennant, D., Perry, M.W., Belford, R.K. 1990. Water use and water use efficiency of old and modern wheat cultivars in a Mediterranean-type environment. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 41, 431-447. https://doi.org/10.1071/AR9900431
Sief Amiri, R., 2000. The evaluation of the different planting data on the three potato cultivars tuber yield and yield components in Ardabil, Iran. The Second Iranian Horticultural Science Congress. 19 Sept., 2000, Karaj, Iran [In Persian].
Sowokines, J. R., Shock, C.C., Stieberand, T.D., 2000. Compositional and enzymatic changes associated with sugar end deficit in Russet Burbank potatoes. American. Journal of Potato Research. 77, 47-56.                       
Trehan, S.P., Singh, B.P., 2013. Nutrient efficiency of different crop species and potato varieties – in retrospect and prospect. Potato Journal. 40, 1-21.
Van Dam, J., Kooman, P.L., Strik, P.C., 2008. Effects of temperature and photoperiod on early growth and final number of tubers in potato (Solanum tuberosum L.). Potato Research39, 51-62.
Waling, I., Vark, W.V., Houba, V.J.G., Van der lee, J.J., 1989. Soil and Plant Analysis, a series of syllabi. Part 7. Plant Analysis Procedures. Wageningen Agriculture University, Netherland.
Wolf, A., Watson, M., Wolf, N., 2003. Digestion and dissolution methods for P، K، Ca، Mg and trace elements. P: 30-38. In: Peters, J. Recommended Methods of Manure Analysis. Cooperative Extension publishing, University of Wisconsin.