نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسندگان
استادیار پژوهشی بخش تحقیقات علوم زراعی و باغی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی جنوب استان کرمان، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، جیرفت، ایران
چکیده
سورگوم (Sorghum bicolor) گیاهی است که در تأمین خوراک انسان، دام و طیور اهمیت دارد. این گیاه مناسب کشت در مناطق خشک است. با توجه به کاهش منابع آبی و مصرف بیشتر آب در ذرت ، ضرورت جایگزینی آن با سورگوم در منطقه جنوب استان کرمان وجود دارد. بهمنظور شناسایی مناسبترین رقم سورگوم متحمل به خشکی، آزمایشی دو ساله به‌صورت استریپپلات در قالب طرح بلوکهای کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در سالهای زراعی 1397 و 1398 انجام شد. عامل عمودی شامل رژیم آبیاری بر اساس میزان تبخیر از سطح تشتک تبخیر کلاس Aدر چهار سطح (90، 130، 180 و220 میلیمتر) و فاکتور افقی شامل ژنوتیپ‌های سورگوم در چهار سطح (ارقام اسپیدفید، پگاه، لاینهای KFS18 وKFS2 ) بود. نتایج نشان داد که رقم اسپیدفید در تیمار آبیاری پس از 90 میلیمتر تبخیر از سطح تشتک تبخیر با عملکرد علوفه‌تر 298.42 تن در هکتار دارای بیشترین عملکرد علوفه‌تر بود. لاین KFS18 در شرایط آبیاری پس از 220 میلیمتر، کمترین عملکرد علوفه‌تر را تولید نمود (142.49 تن در هکتار). رقم اسپیدفید با میانگین 41.69 تن در هکتار بیشترین عملکرد علوفه خشک را داشت و لاین KFS18 با میانگین 31.17 تن در هکتار کمترین عملکرد علوفه خشک را تولید نمود. بیشترین و کمترین عملکرد علوفه خشک نیز به ترتیب در شرایط آبیاری پس از 90 و 130 میلیمتر بهدست آمد (بهترتیب 46.22 و 39.70 تن در هکتار). از نظر کارایی مصرف آب بین سطوح اول (4.76 کیلوگرم بر متر مکعب) و دوم (4.49 کیلوگرم بر متر مکعب) آبیاری اختلاف آماری معنی داری نداشت. با توجه به نتایج آزمایش میتوان رقم اسپیدفید با آبیاری پس از 130 میلیمتر تبخیر را برای تولید علوفه در منطقه پیشنهاد نمود.
کلیدواژه‌ها
موضوعات
Ahmed, S.E., El Naim, A.M., Dagash, Y.M., 2017. Agronomic performance of forage Sorghum genotypes as affected by watering Interval in semi-arid environment. World World Journal of Agricultural Research. 5, 1-4.
Alizadeh, A., 2001. The Relationship Between Water, Soil and Plants (second edition). Astan Quds Razavi Publications, 354 pages. [In Persian]
Amaral, S.R., Lira, M.A., Tabosa, J.N., Santos, M.V.F., Mello, A.C., Santos, V.F., 2003. Behavior of sweet sorghum lines exposed to water deficit under controlled condition. Pesquisa Agropecaria Brasileira. 38, 973-979.
Allen, R.G., Jensen, M.E., Wright, J., Burman, R.D., 1989. Operational estimates of reference evapotranspiration. Agronomy Journal. 81, 650-662.
Berenguer, M.J., Faci, J.M., 2001. Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) yield compensation processes under different plant densities and variable water supply. European Journal of Agronomy. 15, 43–55.
Chatterjee, B.N., Das, P.K., 1989. Forage Crop Prduction. New Delhi: Oxford & IBH Publishing Co. Rs 120. ISBN 81 204 0398 3.
Emam, Y., Maghsoudi, K., Moghimi, N., 2013. Effect of Water Stress and Nitrogen Levels on Yield of Forage Sorghum. Journal of Crop Production and Processing. 3, 145-155. [In Persian with English Summary].
Emam, Y., 2007. Cereal Production. 3rd ed., Shiraz University Press., Shiraz, Iran. [In Persian].
Food and Agriculture Organization. 2018. Statistics: FAOSTAT agriculture. Retrieved March.8.2018 from http://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data.
Farooqi, A.A., Bssreeramu, Kh., 2004. Cultivation of Spice Crops. Universities Press. pp: 128-148.
Fazeli Rostampour, M., 2018. Evaluation of dry matter performance and water use efficiency of forage sorghum in dehydration conditions and application of superabsorbent. Scientific Journal of Plant Ecophysiology. 10, 10-28. [In Persian with English Summary].
Fooman, A., 2011. Agriculture And Breeding of Sorghum. Agricultural Education Publishing Publications. [In Persian].
Fooman, A., 2007. Forage Sorghum and Its Planting, Holding and Harvesting Instructions. Agricultural Education Publishing Publications. [In Persian].
Gholami, H., Amir Sadeghi, M., 2018. Nutritional Value of Forage Sorghum and Its Use in Animal Nutrition. Agricultural Education Publishing Publications. [In Persian].
Habibi, M., Abdi, M., Mehrpooyan, M., 2013. Study of forage quality characteristics in two cultivars of Speedfeed and Pegah forage sorghum under low water conditions. The Second National Conference on Modern Agriculture. Saveh. Iran. [In Persian].
Haji Hassani Asl, N., Rushdi, M., Khalili Mahalleh, J., Rezadoost, S., Shirani Rad, A.H., Moradi Aghdam, A., 2010. Yield and yield components of three forage plants under drought stress conditions in Khoy. Journal of Crop Ecophysiology. 2, 236-246. [In Persian with English Summary].
Howell, T.A., Yazar, A., Schneider, A.D., Duser, D.A., Copeland, K.S., 1995. Yield and water use efficiency of corn in response to lepa irrigation. Transacation of the ASAE. 38, 1737-1747.
Innes, P., Black, W., 2001. The effect of drought on water use and yield of two sorghum genotypes. The Journal of Agricultural Science. 96, 603-610.
Karimi, A., Naderi, M., 2007. Investigation of the effects of application of superabsorbent polymer on yield and water use efficiency of forage maize in soils with different textures. Agricultural Research. 7, 87-98.
Khazaei, A., Fooman, A., Rahjoo, V., Golzardi, V., 2019. Agriculture and Characteristics of Introduced Sorghum Cultivars. Agricultural Education Publishing Publications. 136 pages. [In Persian].
Loni, A., Sabzi, H., 1992. Comparison of the performance of forage sorghum in different dates. Agricultural Education Publishing Publications. [In Persian].
Maghtouli, M., Chaichie, M.R., Hadadchi, V.G., 2001. Effect of nitrogen fertilizer and water stress at different growth stages on the amount of acid procik and forage quality of sorghum. Journal of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources. 8, 103-114. [In Persian with English Summary].
Miller, R.W., Donahue, R.L., 1990. Soils: An Introduction to Soils and Plant Growth (No. Ed. 6). Prentice-Hall International Inc.
Moaaveni, P., Heidari, V.Y., 2004. Study of plant density and irrigation intervals on grain yield and some physiological traits in forage sorghum. Iranian Journal of Crop Sciences. 4, 374-382. [In Persian with English Summary].
Mousavi Fazl, S., 2018. Reaction of Forage Sorghum Cultivars to the Amount of Irrigation Water. Research Achievements for Field and Horticulture Crops. 7, 115-126. [In Persian with English Summary].
Mousavi Fazl, S., Akhyani, A., Atarodi, S., 2018. Effect of irrigation water and potassium fertilizer on the forage yield of sorghum with the aim to determine the yield function - water – fertilizer (Pegah Variety). Irrigation Sciences and Engineering. 40, 83-97. [In Persian with English Summary].
Mousavi, G., Mirhadi, M.J., Siadat, A., Mohamadi, G.N.R., Darvish, F., 2009. Effect of water stress and nitrogen fertilizer on yield and water use efficiency of sorghum and forage millet. Journal of New Agricultural Science. 15, 101-113. [In Persian with English Summary].
Najafinejad, H., Ravari, S.Z., Javaheri, M.A., 2019. Changes in forage yield and some agronomic and physiological characteristics of fodder, millet, sorghum and forage maize are affected by drought. Journal of Crop Ecophysiology. 4, 535-554.
Panda. R.K, Behera, S.K., Kashypa, P.S., 2004. Effective management of irrigation water for maize under stressed conditions. Agricultural and Food Engineering. 66, 181-203.
Rahnama, A., Absalan, S.H., Makvandi, M.A., 2008. Effect of irrigation deficient on yield and components of three cultivars of forage sorghum. Journal of Research in Agronomy Science. 1, 11-22. [In Persian with English Summary].
Razmi, N., Ghasemi, M., 2007. Effect of different irrigation regimes on growth, grain yield and its components of grain sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) cultivars under Isfahan conditions. Iranian Journal of Crop Sciences. 9, 169-183. [In Persian with English Summary].
Rastegar S., Zakeri, O., Zakeri, D., 2016. Effects of drought stress on vegetative growth and biochemical changes of six ornamental species in tropical. Journal of Plant Process and Function. 5, 157-164. [In Persian with English Summary].
Rust, S.R., Ritchie, H.D., Hesterman, O.B., Kells, J.J., 1988. Annual sum forage production in Michigan. Cooperation Extension Service, Michigan University Extension Bulletin. E-2126.
Tabatabai, S.A., Mirabzadeh Ardakani, M., 2009. Seed Sorghum. Agricultural Education Publishing Publications. [In Persian].
Stickler, F.C., Wearden, S., Pauli, A.W., 1961. Leaf area determination in grain sorghum 1. Agronomy Journal. 53, 187-188.
Tesfaye, K., 2017. Genetic diversity study of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moenc) genotypes, Ethiopia. Acta Universitatis Sapientiae, Agriculture and Environment. 9, 44-54.
Torabi, A.R., Farahbakhsh, H., Khajoui Nejad, G.R., 2013. Investigation of different irrigation regimes and superabsorbent of zeolite on yield and yield components of forage sorghum. Journal of Agricultural Crop. 15, 1-14. [In Persian with English Summary].
Vahidi, H., Khajoeinejad, G.R., Rezaei Estakhroeih, A., 2015. Grain yield and water use efficiency of five sorghum cultivars under different irrigation regimes in Kerman. Iranian Journal of Field Crops Research. 13, 461-470. [In Persian with English Summary].
Valad Abadi, A., Mazaheri, D., Noormohammadi, G., Dezfouli, A., 2000. Performance of the effect of drought stress on quality and quantitative characters of corn, sorghum and millet. Iranian Journal of Crop Sciences. 2, 39-47. [In Persian with English Summary].
Wall, J.S., Ross, W.M., 1970. Sorghum Production and Utilization. Avi Publ. Co.: Westport, CT.
)