نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری زراعت، گروه کشاورزی، واحد بیرجند، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، بیرجند

2 دانشیار زراعت، مرکز تحقیقات کشاورزی، گیاهان دارویی و علوم دامی، واحد بیرجند، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، بیرجند

چکیده

این آزمایش با هدف بررسی مقایسه پاسخ سه گونه کنجد، خرفه و شاهدانه در مراحل مختلف رشد به کم‌آبی، در دو قسمت جوانه‌زنی و مزرعه‌ای انجام شد. آزمایش مزرعه­ ای به‌صورت اسپلیت­ پلات بر پایه طرح بلوک­های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در دو سال زراعی 1396-1395 و 1397-1396 در شهرستان سربیشه انجام شد. سطوح آبیاری بر اساس پتانسیل تبخیر و تعرق در سه سطح 40، 70 و 100 درصد به­ عنوان کرت­های اصلی و سه گونه گیاهی کنجد، خرفه و شاهدانه در کرت­های فرعی مورد آزمایش قرار گرفتند. آزمایش جوانه­ زنی به­صورت فاکتوریل بر پایه طرح کاملاً تصادفی با سه تکرار به‌منظور بررسی اثر تنش خشکی (در چهار سطح صفر، 3-، 6- و 9- بار) و سیلیکات سدیم (در سه سطح صفر، 1.5 و 3 میلی­ مولار) بر شاخص­های جوانه­ زنی این سه گیاه انجام شد. صفات مهم اندازه‌گیری شده در آزمایش جوانه‌زنی درصد و سرعت جوانه‌زنی و میزان کلروفیل و پرولین گیاهچه و در آزمایش مزرعه‌ای عملکرد دانه و بیولوژیک، ارتفاع بوته، شاخص برداشت و همچنین میزان کلروفیل و پرولین برگ بود. بیشترین درصد جوانه ­زنی در پرایمینگ بذر با غلظت 1.5 میلی­ مولار سیلیکات سدیم در گیاه خرفه بود. پرایمینگ بذور با سیلیکات سدیم در سطح 1.5 میلی­ مولار در سطوح خشکی باعث افزایش میانگین شاخص وزنی بنیه گیاهچه گردید. میزان کاهش عملکرد دانه بر اثر کم‌آبیاری (تیمار 40 درصد) در سال اول در گیاهان کنجد، شاهدانه و خرفه به ترتیب 18.2، 29.2 و 23.3 درصد بود و این مقادیر برای سال دوم 16.3، 27.3 و 25.0 درصد محاسبه شد. در بین گیاهان مورد آزمایش، خرفه دارای بیشترین محتوی کلروفیل کل در مقایسه با کنجد و شاهدانه بود. به‌طورکلی اگرچه خرفه بیشترین عملکرد دانه را داشت، اما میزان کاهش عملکرد دانه تحت شرایط کم‌آبیاری در کنجد کمترین و در شاهدانه بیشترین مقدار بود. درمجموع، نتایج آزمایش جوانه ­زنی و مزرعه ­ای نشان داد خرفه با توجه به ویژگی­های مورفو-فیزیولوژیکی، به کم‌آبی متحمل­تر بود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

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