Abu El-Soud, W., Hegab, M.M., Abd Elgawad, H., Zinta, G., Asard, H., 2013. Ability of ellagic acid to alleviate osmotic stress on chickpea seedlings. Plant Physiology Biochemistry. 71, 173–183.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.plaphy.2013.07.007
Asgarpanah, J., Kazemivash, N., 2013. Phytochemistry, pharmacology and medicinal properties of
Carthamus tinctorius L. Chinese Journal of Integrative Medicine. 19, 153-159.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11655-013-1354-5
Azhdari, G.H., Tavili, A., Zare, M.A., 2009. Effects of various salts on the germination of two cultivars of
Medicago sativa. Frontiers of Agriculture in China. 4, 63-68.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11703-009-0078-y
Bates, L.S., Waldern, R.P., Teave, I.D. 1973. Rapid determination of free proline for water stress studies. Plant and Soil. 39, 205-207.
https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00018060
Bhanuprakash, K., Yogeesha, H.S., 2016. Seed priming for abiotic stress tolerance: an overview. In: Srinivasa Rao, N.K., Shivashankara, K.S., Laxman, R.H. (eds.), Abiotic Stress Physiology of Horticultural Crops. New Delhi: Springer India. pp. 103–117.
Bojović, B., Đelić, G., Topuzović, M., Stanković, M., 2010. Effects of NaCl on seed germination in some species from families Brassicaceae and Solanaceae. Kragujevac Journal Science. 32, 83–87.
Daneshmand, F., Arvin, M.J., Keramat, B., 2013. Salicylic acid induced changes in safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) under salinity stress. Journal of Plant Research. 27, 204-215. [In Persian with English Summary].
Demir Kaya, M., Gamze Okc¸ U., Atak, M., Yakup, C., 2006. Seed treatments to overcome salt and drought stress during germination in sunflower (
Helianthus annuus L.). European Journal Agronomy. 24, 291–295
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eja.2005.08.001
Esanejad, N., Omidi, H., Paraver, A., 2016. Effect of safflower seeds priming with abscisic and gibberellic acid on germination indices in salinity stress condition. Agroecology Journal. 11, 11-1. [In Persian with English Summary].
Fathi Amirkhiz, K., Amini Dehaghi, M., Heshmati, S., 2014. Effect of iron application methods on grain yield, yield components, oil content and fatty acids profile of spring safflower cv. Goldasht under deficit irrigation conditions. Iranian Journal of Crop Sciences. 16, 308-321. [In Persian with English Summary].
Gu, Z., Chen, D., Han, Y., Chen, Z., Gu, F., 2008. Optimization of carotenoids extraction from
Rhodobacter sphaeroides. Learning With Technologies. 41, 1082–1088.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lwt.2007.07.005
Jafari, L., Yadavi, A., Movahedi Dehnavi, M., Balouchi, H., Maghsoudi, E., 2018. The effect of ascorbic acid and salicylic acid on some physiological characteristics of safflower under salinity stress. Plant Production Technology. 10, 69-80. [In Persian with English Summary].
Javadipour, Z., Movahhedi Dehnavi, M., Balouchi, H.R., 2011. Comparison of photosynthesis parameters and leaf chlorophyll content and fluorescence of safflower cultivars under slaine conditions. Journal of Crop Production. 6, 35-56. [In Persian with English Summary].
Kabiri, R., Naghizadeh, M., 2015. Study the effect of salicylic acid pretreatment on germination and early growth of black cumin (Nigella sativa) under salinity stress. Iranian Journal of Seed Science and Technology. 4, 61-72. [In Persian with English Summary].
Kabiri, R., Farahbakhsh, H., Nasibi, F., 2012. Effect of drought stress and its interaction with salicylic acid on black cumin (
Nigella sativa) germination and seedling growth. World Applied Sciences Journal. 18, 520-527.
https://doi.org/10.5829/idosi.wasj.2012.18.04.878
Kafi, M., Nezami, A., Hoseyni, H., Masoomi, A., 2005. Physiological effects of drought stress by polyethylene glycol on germination of lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.) genotypes. Iranian Journal of Field Crops Research. 3, 69-80. [In Persian with English Summary].
Khajehpoor, M.R., 2004. Industrial Crops. Jahad Daneshgahi. Industrial University of Isfahan. Isfahan. 272p. [In Persian].
Khan, M.A., Shirazi, M.U., Khan, M.A., Mujtaba, S.M., Islam, E., Mumtaz, S., Shereen, A., Ansari R.U., Yasin Ashraf, M., 2009. Role of proline, K/Na ratio and chlorophyll content in salt tolerance of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Pakistan Journal of Botany. 41, 633-638.
Miar Sadegi, S., Shekari, F., Fotovet, R., Zangani, E., 2011. The effect of priming by salicylic acid on vigor and seedling growth of canola (Brassica napus) under water deficit condition', Iranian Journal of Plant Biology. 2, 55-70. [In Persian with English Summary].
Moghanibashi, M., Karimmojeni, H., Nikneshan, P., Behrozi, D., 2012. Effect of hydropriming on seed germination indices of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) under salt and drought conditions. Plant Knowledge Journal. 1, 10-15. [In Persian with English Summary].
Omidi, H., Naghdi Badi, H.A., Jafarzadeh, L., 2015. Seeds of medicinal plants and crops. Shahed University Press. Tehran. 454p. [In Persian].
Paparella, S., Araujo, S.S., Rossi, G., Wijayasinghe, M., Carbonera, D., Balestrazzi, A., 2015. Seed priming: state of the art and new perspectives. Plant Cell Reports. 34, 1281–1293.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00299-015-1784-y
Popova, L.P., Maslenkova, L.T., Yordanova, R.Y., Ivanova, A.P., Krantev, A.P., Szalai, G., Janda, T., 2009. Exogenous treatment with salicylic acid attenuates cadmium toxicity in pea seedlings. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry. 47, 224-231.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.plaphy.2008.11.007
Rahimi, A., Dashti, H., Zibai, S., 2012. Effects of seed priming on some physiological traits of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L., cv. Goldasht) under salinity stress. Journal of Crop Production and Processing. 2, 1-15. [In Persian with English Summary].
Saddiq, M.S., Iqbal, S., Afzal, I., Ibrahim, A.M.H., Bakhtavar, M.A., Hafeez, M.B., Maqbool, J., Maqbool, M.M., 2019. Mitigation of salinity stress in wheat (
Triticum aestivum L.) seedlings through physiological seed enhancements. Journal of Plant Nutrition. 42, 1–13.
https://doi.org/10.1080/01904167.2019.1609509
Sajedi, A., Sajedi, N.A., 2020. Effect of application biochar and priming and foliar application with water and salicylic acid on physiological traits of dry land safflower. Environmetal Stresses in Crop Sciences. 13, 155-169. [In Persian with English Summary].
https://doi.org/10.22077/escs.2019.1823.1426
Seyedi, M., Hamzei, J., Bourbour, A., Dadrasi, V., Sadeghi, F., 2002.
Effect of hydro-priming on germination properties and seedling growth of the safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) under drought stress. Agronomy Science. 5, 63-76. [In Persian with English Summary].
Shakirova, F.M., Sakhabutdinova, A.R., Bezrukova, M.V., Fathutdinova, R.A., Fathutdinova, D.R., 2003. Changes in hormonal status of wheat seedlings induced by salicylic acid and salinity. Plant Science. 164, 317–322.
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0168-9452(02)00415-6
Siddiqi, E.H., Ashraf, M., Hussain, M., Jamil, A., 2009. Assessment of inter-cultivar variation for salt tolerance in safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) using gas exchange characteristics as selection criteria. Pakistan Journal of Botany. 41, 2251-2259.
Migahid, M.M., Elghobashy, R.M., Bidak, L.M., Amin, A.W., 2019. Priming of Silybum marianum L. Gaertn seeds with H2O2 and magnetic field ameliorates seawater stress. Heliyon. 5, e01886.
Tahjib-Ul-Arif, M., Roy, P.R., Sohag, A.A.M., Afrin, S., Rady, M.M., Hossain, M.A., 2018. Exogenous calcium supplementation improves salinity tolerance in BRRI Dhan28; a salt susceptible high-yielding Oryza sativa cultivar. Journal of Crop Science and Biotechnology. 21, 383–394.
Tavili, A., Safari, B., Saberi, M., 2009. Comparing effect of gibberellic acid and potassium nitrate application on germination enhancement of Salsola rigida. Rangeland. 3, 280-272. [In Persian with English Summary].
Wang, W.B., Kim, Y.H., Lee, H.S., Kim, K.Y., Deng, X.P., Kwak, S.S., 2009. Analysis of antioxidant enzyme activity during germination of alfalfa under salt and drought stresses. Plant Physiology Biochemistry. 47, 570–577.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.plaphy.2009.02.009
Zalai, G., Tari, I., Janda, T., Pestenácz, A., Páldi, E., 2000. Effects of cold acclimation and salicylic acid on changes in ACC and MACC contents in maize during chilling. Biology of Plant. 43, 637-640.
https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1002824721597
)