نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکترای اصلاح نباتات، گروه مهندسی تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشکده علوم و مهندسی کشاورزی، دانشگاه رازی، کرمانشاه

2 استاد گروه مهندسی تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشکده علوم و مهندسی کشاورزی، دانشگاه رازی، کرمانشاه

3 دانشیار گروه کشاورزی دانشگاه پیام نور

چکیده

برای ارزیابی تحمل به خشکی 25 ژنوتیپ گندم، پژوهشی در سال­های 1395 تا 1396 بر اساس طرح بلوک­های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در شرایط تنش و بدون تنش در دانشگاه رازی کرمانشاه انجام شد. شاخص­های بررسی‌شده شامل: شاخص حساسیت به تنش، شاخص عملکرد، تحمل تنش، میانگین هندسی بهره‌وری، میانگین هارمونیک، تحمل تنش تغییریافته، مقاومت به خشکی، حساسیت به خشکی، پاسخ به خشکی، تحمل تنش غیر زیستی، کارایی نسبی، شدت تنش اشنایدر و میانگین نسبی عملکرد بودند. بین ژنوتیپ‌ها اختلاف معنی‌داری بر اساس شاخص‌ها و عملکرد در هر دو محیط وجود داشت. بین شاخص­های GMP، STI، HMP، MSTI، MRP،MP، YI و REI با عملکرد در محیط­های بدون تنش و تنش همبستگی معنی‌دار و مثبت وجود داشت. ژنوتیپ‌های شماره 10 (WC.4987) و 15 (WC.47638) بر اساس شاخص­های STS و ISI به‌عنوان ژنوتیپ‌های برتر تعیین شدند. بر اساس بای‌پلات به‌دست‌آمده از مؤلفه ­های اصلی اول و دوم ژنوتیپ‌های 24، 11، 4، 22، 21، 12 و 16 به علت نزدیکی با شاخص‌های برتر، برای هر دو شرایط مناسب هستند. نتایج تجزیه به مؤلفه‌های اصلی در شاخص‌های تحمل به خشکی نشان داد که دو مؤلفه اول (57.21 درصد) و مؤلفه دوم (41 درصد) روی‌هم 98.21 درصد واریانس را توجیه کردند. به دلیل اختلاف در نتایج، برای دقت بیشتر از رتبه‌بندی استفاده به عمل آمد. در رتبه‌بندی بر اساس مجموع رتبه­ها، میانگین رتبه‌ها و انحراف معیار رتبه‌ها، ژنوتیپ ­های شماره 8، 10 و 15 دارای بهترین رتبه بودند و به ­عنوان ژنوتیپ‌های‌ مقاوم به خشکی و ژنوتیپ‌های 4، 11 و 22، ژنوتیپ‌های حساس شناخته شدند. درنتیجه، از این ژنوتیپ‌ها می‌توان برای تلاقی و تجزیه ژنتیکی برای مقاومت به خشکی از طریق روش‌هایی مثل تجزیه دی آلل، نقشه‌یابی، انتخاب به کمک مارکر و ... استفاده نمود.

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