نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسنده
استادیار مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان یزد
چکیده
خشکی یکی از تنش‌های غیر زیستی مهم بخصوص در مناطق خشک و نیمه‌خشک است که رشد گیاه را تحت تأثیر قرار می‌دهد و از این طریق عملکرد دانه را کاهش می‌دهد. هدف از این پژوهش، شناسایی صفات زراعی مرتبط با تغییرات عملکرد دانه گندم تحت تنش خشکی بود. در بررسی حاضر ۱۱۱ لاین خالص گندم نان به‌صورت آزمایش بدون تکرار (آگمنت) موردبررسی قرار گرفتند. در این آزمایش بعد از هر ۲۰ لاین ۳ رقم نارین، برزگر و سیستان به‌عنوان شاهد کاشته شدند. هر شماره در ۲ خط 2.5 متری به فاصله ۲۰ سانتی‌متر کاشته شد. لاینها در شرایط آبیاری در مزرعه آزمایشی مرکز تحقیقات آموزش کشاورزی یزد ارزیابی شدند. در طول دوره رشد از صفات عملکرد دانه، اجزاء عملکرد و مورفولوژیک ارزیابی و با ارقام شاهد مقایسه شدند. نتایج آزمایش تنوع زیادی را در لا ین‌های موردبررسی ازنظر اکثر صفات کمی و کیفی نشان داد. تجزیه رگرسیون نشان داد که در بین لاینها صفاتی مانند وزن هزار دانه، تعداد روز تا رسیدن، طول سنبله، ارتفاع بوته و وزن سنبله اثر مثبت و معنی‌داری بر عملکرد دانه داشته و سهم قابل‌توجهی از تغییرات عملکرد را تبیین می‌کنند. دسته‌بندی لاینها بر اساس تجزیه کلاستر به روش UPGMA در ۹ گروه قرارداد. با توجه به نتایج به‌دست‌آمده 15 ژنوتیپ که نسبت به ژنوتیپ‌های دیگر و ارقام شاهد عملکرد دانه بیشتر و برخی خصوصیات زراعی مناسب‌تر داشتند، انتخاب شدند. نتایج این تحقیق نشان داد مواد ژنتیکی موجود در این آزمایش می‌توانند منبع ارزشمندی باشند که علاوه برداشتن صفات جدید، تنوع سرشاری را برای به نژاد گران جهت اصلاح و تولید ارقام گندم مقاوم به خشکی فراهم می‌آورند.
کلیدواژه‌ها
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