نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 دانشجو دکتری دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد مهاباد، گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد مهاباد، مهاباد
2 استادیار و عضو هیئت‌علمی، گروه زراعت، اگرواکولوژی و علوم و تکنولوژی بذر، دانشکده‌ی کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد مهاباد، مهاباد
3 استادیار گروه زراعت، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه ارومیه، ارومیه
چکیده
به منظور بررسی اثر رژیم آبیاری و تیمارهای کودی بر خصوصیات مورفوفیزیولوژیک، بالنگوی شهری آزمایشی به صورت اسپلیت پلات در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در سال زراعی 98-1397 انجام شد، تیمارهای آزمایشی شامل رژیم آبیاری در سه سطح (بدون آبیاری، کم آبی (تکمیلی) و نرمال) و تیمارهای کودی شامل شاهد، NPK، اسید هیومیک، ورمی کمپوست و کود دامی بودند. در این تحقیق صفات ارتفاع بوته، شاخص سطح برگ، تعداد دانه در بوته، وزن هزار دانه، عملکرد بیولوژیک، عملکرد دانه، درصد و عملکرد اسانس، درصد و عملکرد روغن، درصد موسیلاژ و عملکرد موسیلاژ اندازه گیری شدند. نتایج نشان داد که اثر رژیم آبیاری بر کلیه صفات مورد بررسی به غیر از درصد اسانس، درصد روغن و درصد موسیلاژ بذر معنی‌دار بود، اختلاف بین تیمارهای کودی نیز از لحاظ اثر برکلیه صفات مورد بررسی معنی‌دار بود. اثر متقابل رژیم آبیاری در تیمار کودی نیز بر تنها بر وزن هزار دانه معنی دار بود. در این مطالعه بالاترین ارتفاع بوته، شاخص سطح برگ، تعداد دانه در بوته، عملکرد بیولوژیک، عملکرد دانه، عملکرد اسانس، عملکرد روغن و عملکرد موسیلاژ به تیمار رژیم آبیاری کامل اختصاص داشت. همچنین بالاترین مقادیر ارتفاع بوته، شاخص سطح برگ، تعداد دانه در بوته، عملکرد بیولوژیک، عملکرد دانه، درصد اسانس، عملکرد اسانس، درصد روغن، عملکرد روغن، درصد موسیلاژ و عملکرد موسیلاژ به تیمار کودی ورمی‌کمپوست اختصاص داشت. بالاترین وزن هزار دانه نیز به رژیم آبیاری تکمیلی و تیمار کودی ورمی‌کمپوست اختصاص یافت. بنابراین جهت دستیابی به خصوصیات مطلوب بالنگوی شهری انجام آبیاری کامل و کاربرد کود آلی ورمی‌کمپوست قابل توصیه است.
کلیدواژه‌ها
موضوعات
Abdolahi, M., Maleki Farahani, S., Fotokian, M.S., Hasanzade Goorut Tappe, A., 2013. Evaluation of yield, yield components and water use efficiency of Shahri and Shirazi balangu (Lallemantia sp) under drought stress for irrigation management. Water and Irrigation Management. 2(3), 103-120. [In Persian with English summary].
Aghaei-Gharachorlou, P., Nasrollahzadeh, S., Shafagh-Kolvanagh, J., 2013. Morphological traits of Dragon’s head (Lallemantia iberica Fish. et Mey.) affected by drought stress and plant density. International Journal of Farming and Allied Sciences. 2, 1148-1152.
Albouchi, A., Béjaoui, Z., ElAouni, M.H., 2003. Influence d’un stress hydrique modéré ou sévère sur la croissance de jeunes plants de Cassuarina glauca sieb. Sécheresse. 14(3), 137–142.
Ameri, A., Nassiri, M., Rezvani. P., 2006. Effects of different nitrogen levels and plant density on flower, essential oils and extract production and nitrogen use efficiency of Marigold (Calendula officinalis). Iranian Journal of Field Crops Research. 5, 315-325.
Ansari A.A., 2008. Effect of vermicompost and vermiwash on the productivity of spinach (Spinacia oleracea), onion (Allium cepa) and potato (Solanum tuberosum). World Journal of Agricultural Sciences. 4, 554-557.
Bigonah R., Rezvani Moghadam P. and Jahan M., 2015. Effect of different fertilizer management on certain quantitative and qualitative properties of medicinal plants (Coriandrum sativum L.). Iranian Journal of Field Crops Research. 12. 574-581. [In Persian with English summary].
Chang, W.C., Kim, S.C., Hwang, S.S., Choi, B.K., Kim, S.K., 2002. Antioxidant activity and free radical scavenging capacity between Korean medicinal plants and flavonoids by assay-guided comparison. Plant Science. 163, 1161-1168.
Erkossa, T., Stahr, K., Tabor. G., 2002. Integration of organic and inorganic fertilizers: effect on vegetable productivity. Ethiopian Agricultural research Organization, Debre Zeit Agricultural Research Centre. Ethiopia. 82, 247-256.
Ewulo, B.S., 2005. Effect of poultry dung and cattle manure on chemical properties of clay and sandy clay loam soil. Animal and Veterinary Advances. 4, 839-841.
Fekri, N., Khayami, M., Heydari, R., Javadi, M.A., 2008. Isolation and identification of monosaccharide of mucilage in dragon’s head by thin layer chromatography. Iran Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants. 24, 207–216. [In Persian with English summary].
Ghasemian, V., Shafagh Kalvanagh, J. and Pirzad, A., 2017. Effect of fertilizer treatments and irrigation regimes on Lallemantia iberica seed mucilage yield and compounds. Journal of Agricultural Science and Sustainable Production. 27, 217-231.
Jafarzadeh, L., Omidi, H., Bastani, A., 2014. Determination of Drought Stress and Nitrogen Fertilizer Effects on Some Biochemical Characteristics of Canola (Calendula officinalis L.). Journal of Plant Research (Iranian Journal of Biology). 27, 180-193. [In Persian with English summary].
Jahangiri Nia, E., Syyadat, S.A., Koochakzadeh, A., Sayyahfar, M., Moradi Telavat, M.R., 2017. The effect of vermicompost and mycorrhizal inoculation on grain yield and some physiological characteristics of soybean (Glycine max L.) under water stress condition. Journal of Agroecology. 8, 583-597. [In Persian with English summary].
Javadzadeh, S.M., Fallah, S.R., 2013. Effects of planting method, nitrogen fertilizer and plant density on quality and quantity and quantity of borage (Borago officinalis L.). Scientica Agriculturae, 3, 16-18.
Joshi, R., Vig, A.P., 2010. Effect of vermicompost on growth, yield and quality of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill). African Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences. 2, 117-123.
Kashefi, B., Booyeh, B., Alipour, Z., 2015. The effect of compost and vermicompost on morphological and biochemical characteristics of Zolang. Journal of Plant Process and Function. 4,145-151. [In Persian with English summary].
Khaosaad, T., Vierheilig, H., Nell, M., Zitterl-Eglseer, K., Novak, J., 2006. Arbuscular mycorrhiza alter the concentration of essential oils in oregano (Origanum sp.). Mycorrhiza, 16, 443-446.
Koocheki, A., Sabet Teimouri, M., 2010. Effect of age of farm, corm size and manure fertilizer treatments on morphological criteria of Saffron (Crocus sativus L.) under Mashhad conditions. Applied Field Crops Research. 27, 148-157. [In Persian with English summary].
Liuc, J., Pank, B., 2005. Effect of vermicompost and fertility levels on growth and oil yield of Roman chamomile. Scientia Pharmaceutica. 46, 63-69.
Mahfouz, S.A., Sharaf-Eldin, M.A., 2007. Effect of mineral vs. biofertilizer on growth, yield, and essential oil content of fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.). International Agrophisics. 21, 361-366.
Maleki Farahani, S., Abdolahi, M., 2014. Effect of Deficit Irrigation on Yield and Yield Components of Two Different Species of Balangu (Lallemantia royleana and iberica) from Mashhad and Urmia. Iranian Journal of Field Crops Research. 12, 502-515. [In Persian with English summary].
Moghaddam, T.M., Razavi, S.M.A., Emadzadeh, B., 2011. Rheological interactions between Lallemantia royleana seed extract and selected food hydrocolloids. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture. 91, 1083-1088.
Moradi, R., Rezvani moghadam, P., Nassiri Mahallati, M., Lakzian, A., 2010. The effect of application of organic and biological fertilizers on yield, yield components and essential oil of Foeniculum vulgare (Fennel). Iranian Journal of Field Crops Research. 7, 625-637. [In Persian with English summary].
Nasrollahzadeh, S., Aghaei-Gharachorlou, P., 2014. Effect of irrigation frequency and planting density on herbage biomass, essential oil production and mucilage yield of dragon’s head (Lallamatia iberica Fish. Et May.). International Journal of Agriculture and Biosciences. 3, 89-94.
Nsari, A. A., 2008. Effect of vermicompost and vermiwash on the productivity of spinach (Spinacia oleracea), onion (Allium cepa) and potato (Solanum tuberosum). World Journal of Agricultural Sciences. 4, 554-557.
Omidi, H., Movahedi Poya, F., Movahedi Poya, S., 2011. The effect of salicylic acid and scratch hormone on germination and proline content, protein and carbohydrate content of Prosopis farcta (Prosopis farcta L.) In salinity conditions. Journal of Rangeland Science. 4, 632-608.
Osoli, N., Taleshi, K., 2018. Evaluation the effects of biological fertilizers and vermicompost on some of biological characteristics and essential oil quality of fennel plant (Foeniculum vulgare Mill) in Khoramabad. 4, 123-138. [In Persian with English summary].
Pandurang, M.U., 2013. Efficacy of weed vermicompost and chemical fertilizer on yield, morph physiological and biochemical investigations of maize. African Journal of Biotechniligy, 14, 3786-3791.
Rahimi, A., Pour Mohammadi, A. A., 2017. Effects of vermi-compost fertilizer application and foliar spraying on yield and yield component of isabgol (Plantago ovate L.) medicinal plant. Journal of Agroecology. 9, 834-847.
Rahmanian, M., Esmaielpour, B., Hadian. J., Shahriari, M.H., Fatemi, H., 2017.The Effect of organic fertilizers on morphological traits, essential oil content and components of basil (Ocimum basilicum L.). Journal of Agricultural Science and Sustainable Production. 27, 103-118. [In Persian with English summary].
Rathke, G.W., Behrens, T., Diepenbrock, W., 2006. Integrated nitrogen management strategies to improve seed yield, oil content and nitrogen efficiency of winter oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.): a review. Agriculture Ecosystems and Environment. 117, 80– 108.
Razavi, S.M.A., Karazhiyan, H., 2009. Flow properties and thixotropy of selected hydrocolloids: Experimental and modeling studies. Food Hydrocolloids. 23, 908-912.
Rezaei-Chiyaneh, E., Faridvand, S., Amirnia, R., Mahdavikia, H., Rahimi, A., 2018. Effect of Organic and Biofertilizers on Yield and Some Qualitative Characteristics of the Dragon's Head (Lallemantia iberica) in Dryfarming Conditions. Journal of Agricultural Science and Sustainable Production. 4, 25-40.
Rezaei-Chiyaneh, E., Faridvand, S., Amirnia, R., Mahdavikia, H., Rahimi, A., 2018. Effect of Organic and Biofertilizers on Yield and Some Qualitative Characteristics of the Dragon's Head (Lallemantia iberica) in Dryfarming Conditions. Agriculture Science and Sustainable Production, 28, 25-47. [In Persian with English summary].
Roohi Nogh, A., Koocheki, A., Ghorbani, R., Rezvani Moghaddam, P., Bakhshaei, S., 2017. Effect of organic fertilizers and plant density on qualititative characteristics of balangu (Lallenamntia royleana Benth.). Agroecology. 9(2), 314-325. [In Persian with English summary].
Shafagh-Kolvanagh, J., Azadmard-Taleshmikaeel, A., Raei, Y., Zehtab-Salmasi, S., Azadmard-Damirchi, S., Dastborhan, S., 2018. Evaluation of morphological traits, yield components and essential oil content of dragon’s head (Lallemantia iberica Fischer and C.A. Meyer) under weed interference periods. Agricultural Science and Sustainable Production, 28, 125-150.
Sadeghi, A.A., Bakhsh Kelarestaghi, K., Hajmohammadnia Ghalibaf, K., 2012. The effects of vermicompost and chemical fertilizers on yield and yield components of marshmallow (Altheae officinalis L.). Journal of Agroecology. 6, 42-50. [In Persian with English summary].
Sajadi Nik, R., Yadavi, A., Balouchi, H.R., Farajee, H., 2011. Effect of chemical (urea), organic (vermicompost) and biological (nitroxin) fertilizers on quantity and quality yield of sesame (Sesamum indicum L.). Agriculture Science and Sustainable Production. 21, 87-101. [In Persian with English summary].
Sing, R., Sharma, R.R, Kumar, S., Gupta, R.K., Patil, R.T., 2008. Vermicompost substitution influences growth, physiological disorders, fruit yield and quality of strawberry (Fragaria xananssa Duch.). Bioresource Technology. 99, 8507 - 511.
Singh, B.K., Pathak, K.A., Boopathi, T., Deka, B.C., 2010. Vermicompost and NPK fertilizer effects on morphophysiological traits of plants, yield and quality of tomato fruits (Solanum lycopersicum L.). Vegetable Crops Research Bulletin. 73, 77-86.
Tahami, S.M.K., Rezvani Moghaddam, P. and Jahan, M., 2010. Comparison the effect of organic and chemical fertilizers on yield and essential oil percentage of Basil (Ocimum basilicum L.). Agroecology. 2, 63-74. [In Persian with English summary].
Taheri Asghari, A., 2010. Effects of water stress on morphological characteristics, proline and thymol content in thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.). Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Research of Iran. 26, 239-251. [In Persian with English summary].
Tesfamariam, E.H., Annandale, J.G., Steyn J.M., 2010 Water stress effects on winter canola growth and yield. Argonomy Journal. 102, 658–666.
Yazdani Biuki, R., Khazaie, H.R., Rezvani Moghaddam, P., Astaraei, A., 2010. Effects of Animal Manures and Chemical Fertilizer on Quantitative and Qualitative Characteristics of Milk Thistle Plant (Silybum marianum). Iranian Journal of Field Crops Research. 8, 748- 756. [In Persian with English summary].
Zarezadeh, A., Rezaee, M.B., Mirhosseini, A., Shamszadeh, M., 2007. Ecological investigation of some aromatic plants from Lamiaceae family in Yazd province. Iranian Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants. 23, 432-442. [In Persian with English summary].
)