نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دکترای فیزیولوژی گیاهان زراعی، گروه زراعت، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس

2 استادیار گروه زراعت، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس

3 دانشجوی دکترای زراعت، دانشکده علوم کشاورزی، دانشگاه گیلان

4 دانش آموخته کارشناسی ارشد باغبانی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس

چکیده

این پژوهش به‌منظور بررسی تأثیر کاربرد کود اوره و سولوپتاس و کمبود آب آبیاری بر خصوصیات مختلف مورفوفیزیولوژیکی و بیوشیمیایی ذرت فوق شیرین رقم Basin و در مزرعه انجام شد. آزمایش به‌صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار طی سال 1395 در مجتمع کشاورزی و دامپروری ورامین اجرا شد. عوامل مورد بررسی شامل سه سطح تنش کمبود آب بر اساس آبیاری 15 (شاهد)، 30 (تنش متوسط) و 45 (تنش شدید) درصد ظرفیت زراعی، چهار سطح کود اوره شامل صفر (شاهد)، 150، 200 و 250 کیلوگرم در هکتار و چهار سطح کود پتاس از منبع سولوپتاس شامل صفر (شاهد)، 100، 150 و 200 کیلوگرم در هکتار بودند. نتایج این تحقیق نشان داد برهمکنش رژیم‌های آبیاری و کودهای شیمیایی بر طول و عرض برگ، تعداد ردیف دانه، وزن هزار دانه، فتوسنتز و آنزیم کاتالاز معنی‌دار بود. در شرایط تنش متوسط، بهینه عملکرد دانه از تیمار 150 کیلوگرم در هکتار کود اوره و 200 کیلوگرم در هکتار کود سولوپتاس به‌دست آمد. همچنین، در شرایط تنش شدید، بیشترین میزان فتوسنتز و فعالیت آنزیم کاتالاز در تیمار شاهد مشاهده گردید. به‌طورکلی، می‌توان نتیجه گرفت کاربرد توأم 150 و 200 کیلوگرم در هکتار کود اوره و سولوپتاس موجب افزایش 37.89 % عملکرد دانه نسبت به شاهد تحت شرایط تنش متوسط شد که نشان‌دهنده توانایی کودهای شیمیایی در افزایش عملکرد، اجزای عملکرد و همچنین افزایش فتوسنتز در شرایط تنش بوده و در بروز مقاومت در گیاه ذرت فوق شیرین و کاهش افت شدید عملکرد بسیار مؤثر است. در نهایت، کاربرد 150 و 200 کیلوگرم در هکتار کود اوره و پتاس در شرایط تنش متوسط جهت حصول عملکرد بهینه و رشد مطلوب ذرت فوق شیرین توصیه می‌گردد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

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