نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکترای اگرواکولوژی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد

2 استاد گروه اگروتکنولوژی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد

3 دانشیار مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی خراسان رضوی

چکیده

کاهش کارایی استفاده از عناصر مهمی چون فسفر و نیتروژن موجب صرف هزینه بیشتر برای تولید ذرت و کاهش کارایی اقتصادی کودها و زیان بیشتر محیط‌ زیست به دلیل افزایش مصرف این کودها شده است. استفاده از کودهای زیستی تثبیت‌کننده نیتروژن ازجمله روش‌های عملیات زراعی مطلوب است که می‌تواند باعث برطرف کردن این نقص شود. این آزمایش به‌منظور بررسی تأثیر کودهای بیولوژیک و شیمیایی نیتروژن و فسفر بر عملکرد کمی و کیفی ذرت تحت تنش خشکی انجام شد. بدین منظور، آزمایشی به‌صورت کرت‌های خرد شده با 4 تکرار در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی طی سال‌های 1394 و 1395 در ایستگاه تحقیقات کشاورزی شهرستان مهران استان ایلام انجام شد. عامل اصلی شامل آبیاری در 3 سطح شامل عدم تنش، 75% و 50% ظرفیت زراعی بود. در کرت‌های فرعی نیز دو عامل بصورت فاکتوریل قرار گرفتند. عامل فرعی اول شامل کود نیتروژن به مقدار 100% نیاز کودی (نیتروژن خالص) از طریق اوره، شاهد و کود بیولوژِیک ازتوباکتر بود. عامل فرعی دیگر شامل کود فسفر به­مقدار 100% نیاز کودی (فسفر خالص) به شکل سوپر فسفات تریپل، شاهد و کود بیولوژِیک سودوموناس اعمال بود. اثر متقابل سه گانه تنش و نیتروژن و فسفر بر عملکرد دانه معنی‌دار بود. در تیمار آبیاری کامل همراه با تلقیح ازتوباکتر و سودوموناس بیشترین عملکرد به‌ مقدار 11932 کیلوگرم در هکتار بود. در کلیه سطوح تنش و مصرف سوپرفسفات تریپل ازتوباکتر موجب افزایش عملکرد نسبت به شاهد شد. اثر متقابل نیتروژن و فسفر و تنش خشکی بر بهره وری نیتروژن معنی‌دار بود. به‌طورکلی نتایج این بررسی نشان داد که سودموناس و ازتوباکتر چه در شرایط عدم تنش (100% ظرفیت زراعی) و چه در حالت اعمال تنش آبی شدید (50% ظرفیت زراعی) احتمالا از طریق افزایش جذب مواد غذایی موجب افزایش عملکرد کمی و کیفی گیاه ذرت شدند.

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